k-triangular sets

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:52 AM

For an integer $k\geq 1$, we call a set $\mathcal{S}$ of $n\geq k$ points in a plane $k$-triangular if no three of them lie on the same line and whenever at most $k$ (possibly zero) points are removed from $\mathcal{S}$, the convex hull of the resulting set is a non-degenerate triangle. For given positive integer $k$, find all integers $n\geq k$ such that there exists a $k$-triangular set consisting of $n$ points.

Note. A set of points in a Euclidean plane is defined to be convex if it contains the line segments connecting each pair of its points. The convex hull of a shape is the smallest convex set that contains it.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by navi_09220114, 2 hours ago

d(2025^{a_i}-1) divides a_{n+1}

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:51 AM

Let $a_n$ be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers such that for all positive integers $n\ge 1$
\[d(2025^{a_n}-1)|a_{n+1}.\]Show that for any positive real number $c$ there is a positive integers $N_c$ such that $a_n>n^c$ for all $n\geq N_c$.

Note. Here $d(m)$ denotes the number of positive divisors of the positive integer $m$.

Polynomial with roots a_i^3 differ by 3X

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:48 AM

Show that there are no monic polynomials $P(X)$ with real coefficients of degree $n\geq 4$ such that the following two conditions hold:

i)They have only real roots denoted by $a_1,\cdots, a_n$ (they are not necessarily distinct);

ii) The roots of the polynomial $P(X)-3X$ are $a_1^3,\cdots, a_n^3$.

Note. A polynomial is called monic if the coefficient of its leading term, i.e., the term of the highest degree is one. For example, the polynomial $P(X)=X^{100}-10X+5$ is monic since the coefficient of $X^{100}$ is one.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by navi_09220114, 2 hours ago

Points on a lattice path lies on a line

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:43 AM

Let $S$ be a nonempty subset of the points in the Cartesian plane such that for each $x\in S$ exactly one of $x+(0,1)$ or $x+(1,0)$ also belongs to $S$. Prove that for each positive integer $k$ there is a line in the plane (possibly different lines for different $k$) which contains at least $k$ points of $S$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by navi_09220114, 2 hours ago

Nice concurrency

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:42 AM

Four points $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ lie on a semicircle $\omega$ in this order with diameter $AD$, and $AD$ is not parallel to $BC$. Points $X$ and $Y$ lie on segments $AC$ and $BD$ respectively such that $BX\parallel AD$ and $CY\perp AD$. A circle $\Gamma$ passes through $D$ and $Y$ is tangent to $AD$, and intersects $\omega$ again at $Z\neq D$. Prove that the lines $AZ$, $BC$ and $XY$ are concurrent.

Numbers on a circle

by navi_09220114, May 19, 2025, 11:35 AM

For a given positive integer $n$, determine the smallest integer $k$, such that it is possible to place numbers $1,2,3,\dots, 2n$ around a circle so that the sum of every $n$ consecutive numbers takes one of at most $k$ values.

Computing functions

by BBNoDollar, May 18, 2025, 5:25 PM

Let $f : [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$, $f(x) = \dfrac{ax + b}{cx + d}$, with $a, d \in (0, \infty)$, $b, c \in [0, \infty)$. Prove that there exists $n \in \mathbb{N}^*$ such that for every $x \geq 0$
\[
f_n(x) = \frac{x}{1 + nx}, \quad \text{if and only if } f(x) = \frac{x}{1 + x}, \quad \forall x \geq 0.
\](For $n \in \mathbb{N}^*$ and $x \geq 0$, the notation $f_n(x)$ represents $\underbrace{(f \circ f \circ \dots \circ f)}_{n \text{ times}}(x)$. )

Difficult combinatorics problem

by shactal, May 18, 2025, 10:40 AM

Can someone help me with this problem? Let $n\in \mathbb N^*$. We call a distribution the act of distributing the integers from $1$
to $n^2$ represented by tokens to players $A_1$ to $A_n$ so that they all have the same number of tokens in their urns.
We say that $A_i$ beats $A_j$ when, when $A_i$ and $A_j$ each draw a token from their urn, $A_i$ has a strictly greater chance of drawing a larger number than $A_j$. We then denote $A_i>A_j$. A distribution is said to be chicken-fox-viper when $A_1>A_2>\ldots>A_n>A_1$ What is $R(n)$
, the number of chicken-fox-viper distributions?

Similar triangles and cyclic quadrilaterals

by tapir1729, Jun 24, 2024, 6:42 PM

Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle, and let $D$ be a point on side $BC$ satisfying $\angle BAD=\angle DAC$. Suppose that $X$ and $Y$ are points inside $ABC$ such that triangles $ABX$ and $ACY$ are similar and quadrilaterals $ACDX$ and $ABDY$ are cyclic. Let lines $BX$ and $CY$ meet at $S$ and lines $BY$ and $CX$ meet at $T$. Prove that lines $DS$ and $AT$ are parallel.

Michael Ren
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by tapir1729, Jun 24, 2024, 9:33 PM

Another triangle

by Rushil, Oct 15, 2005, 4:13 AM

Let $P$ be an interior point of a triangle $ABC$ and $AP,BP,CP$ meet the sides $BC,CA,AB$ in $D,E,F$ respectively. Show that \[ \frac{AP}{PD} = \frac{AF}{FB} + \frac{AE}{EC}.  \]
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