Matrices :D :D :D

by utkarshgupta, Jul 4, 2016, 3:56 AM

Long time people :P
This sure is nice and I wouldn't have been able to solve it without first solving the $3 \times 3$ version.

Problem (Romanian Mathematical Olympiad Grade XI) :
Let $ A=(a_{ij})_{1\leq i,j\leq n}$ be a real $ n\times n$ matrix, such that $ a_{ij} + a_{ji} = 0$, for all $ i,j$. Prove that for all non-negative real numbers $ x,y$ we have \[ \det(A+xI_n)\cdot \det(A+yI_n) \geq \det (A+\sqrt{xy}I_n)^2.\]
Solution :
Let $f(x)=det(A+xI_{n})$
Obviously $f$ is a polynomial.
So we have to show that $f(x)f(y) \ge f(\sqrt{xy})^2$

But the above result will follow directly once we establish that all the coefficients of $f$ are positive.
$f(0)=0$ obviously.

I will call the kind of matrices asked in the question as ski matrix.
To show this I will use induction on the order of the matrix.
Let the result be true for all such $n-1 \times n-1$ ski matrices.

Now consider any $n \times n$ such ski matrix and call it $f_n(x)$.
Then,
$$f_n(x) = \int^{x}_{0} f_{n}^{'}(x)$$But obviously since $f_{n}^{'}(x)$ is a sum of determinants of ski matrices of the order $n-1 \times n-1$, all it's coefficients by the induction hypothesis are positive and hence so are it's integrals (except the constants which we have already established as zero).

Hence $f(x)$ has all it's coefficients positive and hence by Cauchy Schwartz inequality, we are done.

Stay insane,Coz it's your will, labour and pain,which takes you to the top of the mountain.

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  • Here goes first post of 2025! Great blog.

    by math_holmes15, Jan 14, 2025, 8:53 AM

  • First post of 2024

    by Yiyj1, Feb 8, 2024, 5:40 AM

  • First post of 2023

    by HoRI_DA_GRe8, Jul 22, 2023, 7:45 AM

  • Nice blog ! Your isogonality lemma is really powerful !

    by 554183, Oct 14, 2021, 8:55 AM

  • Post plss....

    by samrocksnature, Apr 11, 2021, 10:12 PM

  • alas,this is ded

    by Hamroldt, Mar 18, 2021, 4:13 PM

  • Thanks for the nice blog.

    by Feridimo, Mar 6, 2020, 4:17 PM

  • I think this might be silly but ... when should we expect to have another post ?? I am very keen to see it :D

    by gamerrk1004, Nov 4, 2019, 4:54 PM

  • Let's all echo what's written in the blog description - Stay Insane / 'Cause it's your labor, will and pain/ That takes you to the top of soda fountain :D

    by Kayak, Oct 2, 2017, 7:18 PM

  • hey utkarsh jee is over now ... continue your elementary blog pleaseeeeeee!

    by kk108, Jun 17, 2017, 11:19 AM

  • Congrats on becoming a contest moderator!

    by Ankoganit, Mar 9, 2017, 5:22 AM

  • INTERSTING BLOG

    by kk108, Feb 19, 2017, 2:04 PM

  • I have no plans for this blog right now....
    No time here people !
    But lets see....
    I may try some combinatorics :P

    by utkarshgupta, Feb 15, 2017, 12:47 PM

  • Thanks for the nice blog!

    by Orkhan-Ashraf_2002, Feb 13, 2017, 6:34 PM

  • Revive it!!!
    Best blog out there, for sure!

    by rmtf1111, Jan 12, 2017, 6:02 PM

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