https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Hunterbender&feedformat=atomAoPS Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T00:52:45ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.1https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Projectile_motion&diff=29945Projectile motion2009-02-05T22:07:06Z<p>Hunterbender: New page: Projectile Motion is a special three dimensional framework for UCM. Essentially, the constant acceleration still apply (and Newton's equations still apply) but instead express as a vector.</p>
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<div>Projectile Motion is a special three dimensional framework for UCM. Essentially, the constant acceleration still apply (and Newton's equations still apply) but instead express as a vector.</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Computer_science&diff=29923Computer science2009-02-04T05:29:52Z<p>Hunterbender: /* Computer programming */</p>
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<div>'''Computer science''' is the study of computers and computation, or more specifically, the [[algorithm]]s used to obtain results with these tools.<br />
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== Topics in computer science ==<br />
===Computer programming===<br />
{{main|Computer programming}}<br />
'''Computer programming''' is the study of how algorithms can be applied through the use of various programming languages to create software utilities for the computer. Common programming languages include [[C++]], [[Java]], [[Visual Basic]], [[C#]], [[C]], and [[Pascal]]. Other languages differing slightly in usage from these are known as scripting languages. Examples are Perl, Python, Ruby and PHP.<br />
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===Computability and complexity===<br />
{{main|Computability and complexity}}<br />
Computability and computational complexity are problems which concern the limits of algorithms to solve certain types of problems under certain constraints. For example, the [[P versus NP]] problem is such a problem.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Computer science books]]<br />
* [[Computer science competitions]]<br />
* [[Computer science scholarships]]</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Computer_science&diff=29922Computer science2009-02-04T05:29:42Z<p>Hunterbender: /* Computer programming */</p>
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<div>'''Computer science''' is the study of computers and computation, or more specifically, the [[algorithm]]s used to obtain results with these tools.<br />
<br />
== Topics in computer science ==<br />
===Computer programming===<br />
{{main|Computer programming}}<br />
'''Computer programming''' is the study of how algorithms can be applied through the use of various programming languages to create software utilities for the computer. Common programming languages include [[C++]], [[Java]], [[Visual Basic]], [[C#]], ][[C]], and [[Pascal]]. Other languages differing slightly in usage from these are known as scripting languages. Examples are Perl, Python, Ruby and PHP.<br />
<br />
===Computability and complexity===<br />
{{main|Computability and complexity}}<br />
Computability and computational complexity are problems which concern the limits of algorithms to solve certain types of problems under certain constraints. For example, the [[P versus NP]] problem is such a problem.<br />
<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Computer science books]]<br />
* [[Computer science competitions]]<br />
* [[Computer science scholarships]]</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Simple_harmonic_motion&diff=29921Simple harmonic motion2009-02-04T05:27:28Z<p>Hunterbender: New page: Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is an mechanical example of periodic motion, a motion of an object that regularly repeat itself. If a force is directed toward the equilibrium position, that ...</p>
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<div>Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is an mechanical example of periodic motion, a motion of an object that regularly repeat itself. If a force is directed toward the equilibrium position, that motion is referred as harmonic motion. Generally, this force directed toward the eqilibrium position, the opposite of t he displacement vector, is often called a restoring force. The most common form of restoring force is the Hooke's Law. Percisely, a system demonstrates simple harmonic motion when an object's accerleration is porportional to its position and is oppositely directed to the displacement from equilibrium position. <br />
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Simple harmonic motion can be mathematically represented by the following cosine (or sine, which would differ by a phase constant) function:<br />
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x(t)=Acos(wt+phi)<br />
<br />
where A is the amplitude, w is the angular frequency, and phi is the phase constant.</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Classical_physics&diff=29920Classical physics2009-02-04T05:18:54Z<p>Hunterbender: New page: Classical mechanics refers to the branches of physics that came before Einstein's relativity in the 1900's. Most notably, classical mechanics contains Newton's mechanics, fluid dynamics, t...</p>
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<div>Classical mechanics refers to the branches of physics that came before Einstein's relativity in the 1900's. Most notably, classical mechanics contains Newton's mechanics, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and geometric optics.</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Physics&diff=29919Physics2009-02-04T05:15:28Z<p>Hunterbender: /* Electromagnetism */</p>
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<div>The study of energy is known as '''physics'''. ''Everything'' concerning energy in some form or the other is covered by physics.<br />
== Branches of Classical Physics ==<br />
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Physics as was known till the end of the nineteenth century is known now as [[Classical physics]]. It is broadly classified into the following branches:<br />
* [[Mechanics]]<br />
* [[Acoustics]]<br />
* [[Optics]]<br />
* [[Thermodynamics]]<br />
* [[Electromagnetism]]<br />
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== Modern Physics ==<br />
Two new areas of physics, [[relativity]] and [[quantum physics]], were discovered in the 20th century. Unification of these two areas and [[particle physics]] is the chief focus of physics in the 21st century.<br />
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== Mechanics ==<br />
{{main|Mechanics}}<br />
''Mechanics'' is the study of movement. [[Kinematics]], mechanical [[force]]s, [[work]], [[power]], [[energy]], and [[matter]] are all part of mechanics..<br />
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Kinematics is the study of (relative) motion - displacement, velocity, acceleration etc. The two relations at the heart of kinematics are:<br />
<math>\delta x'(t)=v(t)</math><br />
and<br />
<math>v'(t)=a(t)</math><br />
where <math>\delta x(t)</math> is displacement at time <math>t</math>, <math>v</math> is velocity, <math>a</math> is acceleration, and <math>t</math> is time. <br />
[[Uniform rectilinear motion]], [[projectile motion]], [[uniform circular motion]], and [[simple harmonic motion]] are some of the types of problems studied in kinematics.<br />
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The rules of physics are almost fully summarized by the three famous laws of motion due to [[Isaac Newton]]:<br />
* A body continues to be in its state of uniform rectilinear motion until it is disturbed by an external force. This property is known as inertia.<br />
* The rate of change of momentum of a body with respect to time is directly proportional to the force acting on it.<br />
* Every action as an equal and opposite reaction.<br />
[[Mass]] is the one of the two most basic intrinsic properties of a body. It is a measure of its [[inertia]]. [[Momentum]] is defined as the [[product]] of the mass and [[velocity]] of a body. [[Force]] is something that changes or tends to change the momentum of a body, or, informally, "a push or pull".<br />
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Mechanical [[work]] is defined by the relation <math>W =\int^{x_f}_{x_i} F\,dx</math> where <math>W</math> is work done, <math>F</math> is force, <math>x</math> is displacement, and subscripts <math>i</math> and <math>f</math> denote the initial and final states respectively. Similarly, mechanical [[power]] is defined as <math>P =\int^{v_f}_{v_i} F\,dv</math> where <math>P</math> is power delivered and <math>v</math> is velocity. [[Energy]] is the other basic intrinsic property of a body. Mechanical energy is simply the capacity of a body to do mechanical work.<br />
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Among the various properties of matter are elasticity, surface tension, viscosity etc. The most important one is [[gravity]]. Gravity is indeed considered one of the most mysterious things not only in physics but in [[science]] as a whole.<br />
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== Acoustics ==<br />
{{main|Acoustics}}<br />
Acoustics is etymologically the study of [[sound]]. Sound waves are mechanical waves - they travel by actual vibrations in some material medium. Acoustics concerns itself with mechanical [[wave]]s in general. Phenomena such as forced [[vibration]]s, [[resonance]], damped vibrations and [[Doppler effect]] come under this branch of physics.<br />
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== Optics ==<br />
{{main|Optics}}<br />
Etymologically, optics is the study of vision. [[Light]] waves are electromagnetic waves - they consist of mutually perpendicular electric fields and [[magnetic field]]s, and can travel through vacuum. Optics is the study of electromagnetic waves in general. So it covers all waves in the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] given below:<br />
* [[Gamma rays]]<br />
* [[X-Rays]]<br />
* [[Ultraviolet rays]]<br />
* [[Visible light]]<br />
* [[Infrared Rays]]<br />
* [[Microwaves]]<br />
* [[Radio waves]]<br />
One of the most controversial questions in optics is whether light is an wave or a ray. Accordingly there are two branches of optics, but only ray optics belongs to classical physics. Wave optics are a topic of modern physics. In ray optics covers topics such as reflection and refraction, and the dispersion of white light into its constituent colors.<br />
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== Thermodynamics ==<br />
{{main|Thermodynamics}}<br />
Thermodynamics does not have a direct etymological meaning, but it could be named the study of [[heat]] transfer. Anything in physics related to heat comes under thermodynamics.<br />
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== Electromagnetism ==<br />
{{main|Electromagnetism}}<br />
Electromagnetism is the combined study of [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]], and the most important addition to classical physics after [[Newton]]'s work. The concept of electromagnetisim has wide applications in everyday devices such as computers, televisions, linear partical collider, and more.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Physics books]]<br />
* [[Physics competitions]]<br />
* [[Physics scholarships]]<br />
* [[Physics summer programs]]<br />
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[[Category:Physics]]</div>Hunterbenderhttps://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=Quantum_physics&diff=29918Quantum physics2009-02-04T05:10:44Z<p>Hunterbender: New page: Quantum physics is a newer branch of physics developed in the 20th century to explain the bahvior of microscopic particals. Quantum physics incorporates the wave features into motion of m...</p>
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<div>Quantum physics is a newer branch of physics developed in the 20th century to explain the bahvior of microscopic particals. Quantum physics incorporates the wave features into motion of microscopic particals. In short, quantum physics is dicatated by probability; which, bring rises to strange effects such as quantum tunneling, quantum entanglement, and more.</div>Hunterbender