Difference between revisions of "2005 AIME I Problems/Problem 12"
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<math>|a - b| = \left| 2\cdot \frac{44\cdot23\cdot45}{3} - 2\cdot \frac{22 \cdot 43 \cdot 45}{3} - 45^2 + 20\right| = |-25| =\boxed{025}</math>. | <math>|a - b| = \left| 2\cdot \frac{44\cdot23\cdot45}{3} - 2\cdot \frac{22 \cdot 43 \cdot 45}{3} - 45^2 + 20\right| = |-25| =\boxed{025}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 3 === | ||
+ | Let <math>\Delta n</math> denote the sum <math>1+2+3+ \dots +n-1+n</math>. We can easily see from the fact "It is well-known that <math>\tau(n)</math> is odd if and only if <math>n</math> is a perfect square.", that | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>a = (2^2-1^2) + (4^2-3^2) \dots (44^2 - 43^2) = (2+1)(2-1)+(4+3)(4-3) \dots (44+43)(44-43) = 1+2+3...44 = \Delta 44</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>b = 3^2-2^2+5^2-4^2...2006-44^2 = (3+2)(3-2) \dots (43+42)(43-42) + 1 + (2005 - 44^2) = \Delta 43 + 69</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>a-b = \Delta 44-\Delta 43-69 = 44-69 = -25</math>. They ask for <math>|a-b|</math>, so our answer is <math>|-25| = \boxed{025}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | -Alexlikemath | ||
== See also == | == See also == |
Revision as of 00:36, 3 December 2019
Problem
For positive integers let
denote the number of positive integer divisors of
including 1 and
For example,
and
Define
by
Let
denote the number of positive integers
with
odd, and let
denote the number of positive integers
with
even. Find
Solution
It is well-known that is odd if and only if
is a perfect square. (Otherwise, we can group divisors into pairs whose product is
.) Thus,
is odd if and only if there are an odd number of perfect squares less than
. So
and
are odd, while
are even, and
are odd, and so on.
So, for a given , if we choose the positive integer
such that
we see that
has the same parity as
.
It follows that the numbers between and
, between
and
, and so on, all the way up to the numbers between
and
have
odd. These are the only such numbers less than
(because
).
Solution 1
Notice that the difference between consecutive squares are consecutively increasing odd numbers. Thus, there are numbers between
(inclusive) and
(exclusive),
numbers between
and
, and so on. The number of numbers from
to
is
. Whenever the lowest square beneath a number is odd, the parity will be odd, and the same for even. Thus,
.
, the
accounting for the difference between
and
, inclusive. Notice that if we align the two and subtract, we get that each difference is equal to
. Thus, the solution is
.
Solution 2
Similarly, , where the
accounts for those numbers between
and
.
Thus .
Then, .
We can apply the formula
. From this formula, it follows that
and so that
. Thus,
.
Solution 3
Let denote the sum
. We can easily see from the fact "It is well-known that
is odd if and only if
is a perfect square.", that
.
.
. They ask for
, so our answer is
-Alexlikemath
See also
2005 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.