Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 12"

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==Solution 3==
 
==Solution 3==
  
Let <math>S = \{a_1, a_2, a_3, \hdots, a_n\}</math> with <math>a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \hdots < a_n.</math> We are given the following: <cmath>{\displaystyle {i=1n1ai=32(n1)=32n32,i=2nai=40(n1)=40n40,i=2n1ai=35(n2)=35n70,ana1=72a1+72=an.}</cmath> Subtracting the third equation from the sum of the first two, we find that <cmath>\sum_{i=1}^n a_i = \left(32n-32\right) + \left(40n-40\right) - \left(35n-70\right) = 37n - 2.</cmath> Furthermore, from the fourth equation, we have <cmath>\sum_{i=2}^{n} a_i - \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} a_i = \left[\left(a_1 + 72\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] - \left[\left(a_1\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] = \left(40n-40\right)-\left(32n-32\right).</cmath> Combining like terms and simplifying, we have <cmath>72 = 8n-8 \implies 8n = 80 \implies n=10.</cmath> Thus, the sum of the elements in <math>S</math> is <math>37 \cdot 10 - 2 = 368,</math> and since there are 10 elements in <math>S,</math> the average of the elements in <math>S</math> is <math>\tfrac{368}{10}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}}~36.8.</math>
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Let <math>S = \{a_1, a_2, a_3, \hdots, a_n\}</math> with <math>a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \hdots < a_n.</math> We are given the following: <cmath>{{i=1n1ai=32(n1)=32n32,i=2nai=40(n1)=40n40,i=2n1ai=35(n2)=35n70,ana1=72a1+72=an.}</cmath> Subtracting the third equation from the sum of the first two, we find that <cmath>\sum_{i=1}^n a_i = \left(32n-32\right) + \left(40n-40\right) - \left(35n-70\right) = 37n - 2.</cmath> Furthermore, from the fourth equation, we have <cmath>\sum_{i=2}^{n} a_i - \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} a_i = \left[\left(a_1 + 72\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] - \left[\left(a_1\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] = \left(40n-40\right)-\left(32n-32\right).</cmath> Combining like terms and simplifying, we have <cmath>72 = 8n-8 \implies 8n = 80 \implies n=10.</cmath> Thus, the sum of the elements in <math>S</math> is <math>37 \cdot 10 - 2 = 368,</math> and since there are 10 elements in <math>S,</math> the average of the elements in <math>S</math> is <math>\tfrac{368}{10}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}}~36.8.</math>
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~peace09
  
 
== Video Solution by OmegaLearn (System of equations) ==
 
== Video Solution by OmegaLearn (System of equations) ==

Revision as of 15:26, 26 April 2021

The following problem is from both the 2021 AMC 10B #19 and 2021 AMC 12B #12, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Suppose that $S$ is a finite set of positive integers. If the greatest integer in $S$ is removed from $S$, then the average value (arithmetic mean) of the integers remaining is $32$. If the least integer in $S$ is also removed, then the average value of the integers remaining is $35$. If the greatest integer is then returned to the set, the average value of the integers rises to $40.$ The greatest integer in the original set $S$ is $72$ greater than the least integer in $S$. What is the average value of all the integers in the set $S?$

$\textbf{(A) }36.2 \qquad \textbf{(B) }36.4 \qquad \textbf{(C) }36.6\qquad \textbf{(D) }36.8 \qquad \textbf{(E) }37$

Solution 1

Let $x$ be the greatest integer, $y$ be the smallest, $z$ be the sum of the numbers in S excluding $x$ and $y$, and $k$ be the number of elements in S.

Then, $S=x+y+z$

Firstly, when the greatest integer is removed, $\frac{S-x}{k-1}=32$

When the smallest integer is also removed, $\frac{S-x-y}{k-2}=35$

When the greatest integer is added back, $\frac{S-y}{k-1}=40$

We are given that $x=y+72$


After you substitute $x=y+72$, you have 3 equations with 3 unknowns $S,$, $y$ and $k$.

$S-y-72=32k-32$

$S-2y-72=35k-70$

$S-y=40k-40$

This can be easily solved to yield $k=10$, $y=8$, $S=368$.

$\therefore$ average value of all integers in the set $=S/k = 368/10 = 36.8$, D)

~ SoySoy4444

Solution 2

We should plug in $36.2$ and assume everything is true except the $35$ part. We then calculate that part and end up with $35.75$. We also see with the formulas we used with the plug in that when you increase by $0.2$ the $35.75$ part decreases by $0.25$. The answer is then $\boxed{(D) 36.8}$. You can work backwards because it is multiple choice and you don't have to do critical thinking. ~Lopkiloinm

Solution 3

Let $S = \{a_1, a_2, a_3, \hdots, a_n\}$ with $a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \hdots < a_n.$ We are given the following: \[{\begin{cases} \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} a_i = 32(n-1) = 32n-32, \\ \sum_{i=2}^n a_i = 40(n-1) = 40n-40, \\ \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i = 35(n-2) = 35n-70, \\ a_n-a_1 = 72 \implies a_1 + 72 = a_n. \end{cases}}\] Subtracting the third equation from the sum of the first two, we find that \[\sum_{i=1}^n a_i = \left(32n-32\right) + \left(40n-40\right) - \left(35n-70\right) = 37n - 2.\] Furthermore, from the fourth equation, we have \[\sum_{i=2}^{n} a_i - \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} a_i = \left[\left(a_1 + 72\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] - \left[\left(a_1\right) + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} a_i\right] = \left(40n-40\right)-\left(32n-32\right).\] Combining like terms and simplifying, we have \[72 = 8n-8 \implies 8n = 80 \implies n=10.\] Thus, the sum of the elements in $S$ is $37 \cdot 10 - 2 = 368,$ and since there are 10 elements in $S,$ the average of the elements in $S$ is $\tfrac{368}{10}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}}~36.8.$

~peace09

Video Solution by OmegaLearn (System of equations)

https://youtu.be/dRdT9gzm-Pg

~ pi_is_3.14

Video Solution by Hawk Math

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4iCAZRUESs

Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath

https://youtu.be/FV9AnyERgJQ?t=676

~IceMatrix


See Also

2021 AMC 12B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 11
Followed by
Problem 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions
2021 AMC 10B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 18
Followed by
Problem 20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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