Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 11"
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==Diagram== | ==Diagram== | ||
<asy> | <asy> | ||
− | size( | + | /* Made by Brendanb4321; edited by MRENTHUSIASM */ |
+ | size(250); | ||
pair A = (5,12); | pair A = (5,12); | ||
pair B = (0,0); | pair B = (0,0); | ||
Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
pair D = 3/2*P; | pair D = 3/2*P; | ||
pair E = 3*P; | pair E = 3*P; | ||
− | draw(A--B--C-- | + | draw(A--B--C--cycle^^A--D^^C--E--B); |
− | |||
− | |||
− | dot("$A$",A,N); | + | dot("$A$",A,1.5*N); |
− | dot("$B$",B, | + | dot("$B$",B,1.5*SW); |
− | dot("$C$",C, | + | dot("$C$",C,1.5*SE); |
− | dot("$D$",D,N); | + | dot("$D$",D,1.5*N); |
− | dot("$P$",P,W); | + | dot("$P$",P,1.5*W); |
− | dot("$E$",E,N); | + | dot("$E$",E,1.5*N); |
− | + | label("$13$", (A+B)/2, 1.5*NW); | |
− | label("$13$", (A+B)/2, NW); | + | label("$14$", (B+C)/2, 1.5*S); |
− | label("$14$", (B+C)/2, S); | + | label("$5$", (A+P)/2, NE); |
− | label("$5$",(A+P)/2, NE); | ||
label("$10$", (C+P)/2, NE); | label("$10$", (C+P)/2, NE); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
+ | ~Brendanb4321 | ||
− | ==Solution 1 ( | + | ==Solution 1 (Analytic Geometry)== |
Toss on the Cartesian plane with <math>A=(5, 12), B=(0, 0),</math> and <math>C=(14, 0)</math>. Then <math>\overline{AD}\parallel\overline{BC}, \overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CE}</math> by the trapezoid condition, where <math>D, E\in\overline{BP}</math>. Since <math>PC=10</math>, point <math>P</math> is <math>\tfrac{10}{15}=\tfrac{2}{3}</math> of the way from <math>C</math> to <math>A</math> and is located at <math>(8, 8)</math>. Thus line <math>BP</math> has equation <math>y=x</math>. Since <math>\overline{AD}\parallel\overline{BC}</math> and <math>\overline{BC}</math> is parallel to the ground, we know <math>D</math> has the same <math>y</math>-coordinate as <math>A</math>, except it'll also lie on the line <math>y=x</math>. Therefore, <math>D=(12, 12). \, \blacksquare</math> | Toss on the Cartesian plane with <math>A=(5, 12), B=(0, 0),</math> and <math>C=(14, 0)</math>. Then <math>\overline{AD}\parallel\overline{BC}, \overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CE}</math> by the trapezoid condition, where <math>D, E\in\overline{BP}</math>. Since <math>PC=10</math>, point <math>P</math> is <math>\tfrac{10}{15}=\tfrac{2}{3}</math> of the way from <math>C</math> to <math>A</math> and is located at <math>(8, 8)</math>. Thus line <math>BP</math> has equation <math>y=x</math>. Since <math>\overline{AD}\parallel\overline{BC}</math> and <math>\overline{BC}</math> is parallel to the ground, we know <math>D</math> has the same <math>y</math>-coordinate as <math>A</math>, except it'll also lie on the line <math>y=x</math>. Therefore, <math>D=(12, 12). \, \blacksquare</math> | ||
To find the location of point <math>E</math>, we need to find the intersection of <math>y=x</math> with a line parallel to <math>\overline{AB}</math> passing through <math>C</math>. The slope of this line is the same as the slope of <math>\overline{AB}</math>, or <math>\tfrac{12}{5}</math>, and has equation <math>y=\tfrac{12}{5}x-\tfrac{168}{5}</math>. The intersection of this line with <math>y=x</math> is <math>(24, 24)</math>. Therefore point <math>E</math> is located at <math>(24, 24). \, \blacksquare</math> | To find the location of point <math>E</math>, we need to find the intersection of <math>y=x</math> with a line parallel to <math>\overline{AB}</math> passing through <math>C</math>. The slope of this line is the same as the slope of <math>\overline{AB}</math>, or <math>\tfrac{12}{5}</math>, and has equation <math>y=\tfrac{12}{5}x-\tfrac{168}{5}</math>. The intersection of this line with <math>y=x</math> is <math>(24, 24)</math>. Therefore point <math>E</math> is located at <math>(24, 24). \, \blacksquare</math> | ||
− | The distance <math>DE</math> is equal to the distance between <math>(12, 12)</math> and <math>(24, 24)</math>, which is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)} | + | The distance <math>DE</math> is equal to the distance between <math>(12, 12)</math> and <math>(24, 24)</math>, which is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}</math>. |
− | ==Solution 2== | + | ==Solution 2 (Stewart's Theorem)== |
− | Using Stewart's Theorem we find <math>BP = 8\sqrt{2}</math>. From the similar triangles <math>BPA\sim DPC</math> and <math>BPC\sim EPA</math> we have | + | Using Stewart's Theorem we find <math>BP = 8\sqrt{2}</math>. From the similar triangles <math>BPA\sim DPC</math> and <math>BPC\sim EPA</math>, we have |
− | <cmath>DP = BP\cdot\frac{PC}{PA} = | + | <cmath>DP = BP\cdot\frac{PC}{PA} = \frac{1}{2}BP</cmath> |
− | <cmath>EP = BP\cdot\frac{PA}{PC} = | + | <cmath>EP = BP\cdot\frac{PA}{PC} = 2BP</cmath> |
− | So | + | So, <cmath>DE = \frac{3}{2}BP = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}.</cmath> |
− | <cmath>DE = \frac{3}{2}BP = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}</cmath> | ||
==Solution 3== | ==Solution 3== | ||
Line 61: | Line 59: | ||
&= 512 | &= 512 | ||
\end{align*}</cmath> | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
− | And <math>x = 16\sqrt2</math>. The answer is then <math>\frac34x = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}</math> | + | And <math>x = 16\sqrt2</math>. The answer is then <math>\frac34x = \boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}</math>. |
==Solution 4 (Heron's Formula, Pythagorean Theorem, Similar Triangles)== | ==Solution 4 (Heron's Formula, Pythagorean Theorem, Similar Triangles)== | ||
Line 75: | Line 73: | ||
It follows that the height of <math>ABCD</math> is <math>\frac{2[ABC]}{14}=12.</math> | It follows that the height of <math>ABCD</math> is <math>\frac{2[ABC]}{14}=12.</math> | ||
− | Next, we drop the altitudes <math>\overline{AF}</math> and <math>\overline{DG}</math> of <math>ABCD.</math> By the Pythagorean Theorem on <math>\triangle AFB,</math> we get <math>BF=5.</math> By the AA Similarity, <math>\triangle ADP\sim\triangle CBP,</math> with the ratio of similitude <math>1:2.</math> It follows that <math>AD=7.</math> Since <math>ADGF</math> is a rectangle, <math>FG=AD=7.</math> By the Pythagorean Theorem on <math>\triangle DGB,</math> we get <math>BD=12\sqrt2.</math> | + | Next, we drop the altitudes <math>\overline{AF}</math> and <math>\overline{DG}</math> of <math>ABCD.</math> By the Pythagorean Theorem on right <math>\triangle AFB,</math> we get <math>BF=5.</math> By the AA Similarity, we have <math>\triangle ADP\sim\triangle CBP,</math> with the ratio of similitude <math>1:2.</math> It follows that <math>AD=7.</math> Since <math>ADGF</math> is a rectangle, we get <math>FG=AD=7.</math> By the Pythagorean Theorem on right <math>\triangle DGB,</math> we get <math>BD=12\sqrt2.</math> |
− | By <math>\triangle ADP\sim\triangle CBP</math> again, we | + | By <math>\triangle ADP\sim\triangle CBP</math> again, we get <math>BP=8\sqrt2</math> and <math>DP=4\sqrt2.</math> Also, by the AA Similarity, we have <math>\triangle ABP\sim\triangle CEP,</math> with the ratio of similitude <math>1:2.</math> It follows that <math>EP=16\sqrt2.</math> |
− | Finally, <math>DE=EP-DP=\boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}.</math> | + | Finally, we obtain <math>DE=EP-DP=\boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}.</math> |
− | <b> | + | <u><b>Remark</b></u> |
+ | |||
+ | It is well known that the area of a <math>13\text{-}14\text{-}15</math> triangle is <math>84.</math> | ||
~MRENTHUSIASM | ~MRENTHUSIASM | ||
− | ==Solution 5 (Barycentric | + | ==Solution 5 (Barycentric Coordinates)== |
(For those unfamiliar with barycentric coordinates, consider reading the barycentric coordinates article written by Evan Chen and Max Schindler here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Resources_for_mathematics_competitions#Articles) | (For those unfamiliar with barycentric coordinates, consider reading the barycentric coordinates article written by Evan Chen and Max Schindler here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Resources_for_mathematics_competitions#Articles) | ||
We can find <math>P</math> in barycentric coordinates as <math>\Bigr(\frac{2}{3},0,\frac{1}{3}\Bigr)</math>. We can then write <math>\overline{BP}</math> as <math>x-2z=0</math>, where <math>(x,y,z)</math> defines a point in barycentric coordinates. We have <math>\overline{AD}\parallel \overline{BC}</math> as <math>y+z=0</math> and <math>\overline{CE}\parallel \overline{AB}</math> as <math>x+y=0</math>. We can then compute <math>D</math> and <math>E</math> by intersecting lines: | We can find <math>P</math> in barycentric coordinates as <math>\Bigr(\frac{2}{3},0,\frac{1}{3}\Bigr)</math>. We can then write <math>\overline{BP}</math> as <math>x-2z=0</math>, where <math>(x,y,z)</math> defines a point in barycentric coordinates. We have <math>\overline{AD}\parallel \overline{BC}</math> as <math>y+z=0</math> and <math>\overline{CE}\parallel \overline{AB}</math> as <math>x+y=0</math>. We can then compute <math>D</math> and <math>E</math> by intersecting lines: | ||
− | |||
<cmath>\begin{cases} | <cmath>\begin{cases} | ||
x-2z=0\ | x-2z=0\ | ||
Line 96: | Line 95: | ||
x+y+z=1 | x+y+z=1 | ||
\end{cases}</cmath> | \end{cases}</cmath> | ||
− | + | Which gives us <math>D=\left(1, -\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)</math>. We can get <math>E</math> with: | |
− | Which gives us <math>D=(1, -\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2})</math>. We can get <math>E</math> with: | ||
− | |||
<cmath> | <cmath> | ||
\begin{cases} | \begin{cases} | ||
Line 106: | Line 103: | ||
\end{cases} | \end{cases} | ||
</cmath> | </cmath> | ||
− | + | Which gives us <math>E=(2, -2, 1)</math>. Then, finding the displacement vector, we have <math>\overrightarrow{ED}=\left(1,-\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right)</math>. Using the barycentric distance formula: | |
− | Which gives us <math>E=(2, -2, 1)</math>. Then, finding the displacement vector, we have <math>\overrightarrow{ED}=(1,-\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2})</math>. Using the barycentric distance formula: | + | <cmath>\begin{align*} |
− | + | \text{dist}(D,E)&=\sqrt{-a^2yx-b^2zx-c^2xy} \ | |
− | <cmath>\text{dist}(D,E)=\sqrt{-a^2yx-b^2zx-c^2xy} | + | &=\sqrt{-14^2\Bigr(-\frac{3}{2}\Bigr)\Bigr(\frac{1}{2}\Bigr)-15^2\Bigr(1\Bigr)\Bigr(\frac{1}{2}\Bigr)-13^2\Bigr(-\frac{3}{2}\Bigr)\Bigr(\frac{1}{2}\Bigr)} \ |
− | + | &=\boxed{\textbf{(D) }12\sqrt2}. | |
− | + | \end{align*}</cmath> | |
==Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil== | ==Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil== | ||
https://YouTube.com/watch?v=yxt8-rUUosI&t=450s | https://YouTube.com/watch?v=yxt8-rUUosI&t=450s | ||
− | == Video Solution by OmegaLearn ( | + | == Video Solution by OmegaLearn (Properties of 13-14-15 Triangle) == |
https://youtu.be/mTcdKf5-FWg | https://youtu.be/mTcdKf5-FWg | ||
Latest revision as of 19:40, 21 October 2024
Contents
[hide]- 1 Problem
- 2 Diagram
- 3 Solution 1 (Analytic Geometry)
- 4 Solution 2 (Stewart's Theorem)
- 5 Solution 3
- 6 Solution 4 (Heron's Formula, Pythagorean Theorem, Similar Triangles)
- 7 Solution 5 (Barycentric Coordinates)
- 8 Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil
- 9 Video Solution by OmegaLearn (Properties of 13-14-15 Triangle)
- 10 Video Solution by Hawk Math
- 11 See Also
Problem
Triangle has and . Let be the point on such that . There are exactly two points and on line such that quadrilaterals and are trapezoids. What is the distance
Diagram
~Brendanb4321
Solution 1 (Analytic Geometry)
Toss on the Cartesian plane with and . Then by the trapezoid condition, where . Since , point is of the way from to and is located at . Thus line has equation . Since and is parallel to the ground, we know has the same -coordinate as , except it'll also lie on the line . Therefore,
To find the location of point , we need to find the intersection of with a line parallel to passing through . The slope of this line is the same as the slope of , or , and has equation . The intersection of this line with is . Therefore point is located at
The distance is equal to the distance between and , which is .
Solution 2 (Stewart's Theorem)
Using Stewart's Theorem we find . From the similar triangles and , we have So,
Solution 3
Let be the length . From the similar triangles and we have Therefore . Now extend line to the point on , forming parallelogram . As we also have so .
We now use the Law of Cosines to find (the length of ): As , we have (by Law of Cosines on triangle ) Therefore And . The answer is then .
Solution 4 (Heron's Formula, Pythagorean Theorem, Similar Triangles)
Let the brackets denote areas. By Heron's Formula, we have It follows that the height of is
Next, we drop the altitudes and of By the Pythagorean Theorem on right we get By the AA Similarity, we have with the ratio of similitude It follows that Since is a rectangle, we get By the Pythagorean Theorem on right we get
By again, we get and Also, by the AA Similarity, we have with the ratio of similitude It follows that
Finally, we obtain
Remark
It is well known that the area of a triangle is
~MRENTHUSIASM
Solution 5 (Barycentric Coordinates)
(For those unfamiliar with barycentric coordinates, consider reading the barycentric coordinates article written by Evan Chen and Max Schindler here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Resources_for_mathematics_competitions#Articles)
We can find in barycentric coordinates as . We can then write as , where defines a point in barycentric coordinates. We have as and as . We can then compute and by intersecting lines: Which gives us . We can get with: Which gives us . Then, finding the displacement vector, we have . Using the barycentric distance formula:
Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil
https://YouTube.com/watch?v=yxt8-rUUosI&t=450s
Video Solution by OmegaLearn (Properties of 13-14-15 Triangle)
~ pi_is_3.14
Video Solution by Hawk Math
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4iCAZRUESs
See Also
2021 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 10 |
Followed by Problem 12 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.