2018 AIME I Problems/Problem 12
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[hide]Problem
For every subset of , let be the sum of the elements of , with defined to be . If is chosen at random among all subsets of , the probability that is divisible by is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Solution 1
Rewrite the set after mod3 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 All 0s can be omitted Case 1 No 1 No 2 1 Case 2 222 20 Case 3 222222 1 Case 4 12 6*6=36 Case 5 12222 6*15=90 Case 6 1122 15*15=225 Case 7 1122222 15*6=90 Case 8 111 20 Case 9 111222 20*20=400 Case 10 111222222 20 Case 11 11112 15*6=90 Case 12 11112222 15*15=225 Case 13 1111122 6*15=90 Case 14 1111122222 6*6=36 Case 15 111111 1 Case 16 111111222 20 Case 17 111111222222 1 Total 1+20+1+36+90+225+90+20+400+20+90+225+90+36+1+20+1=484+360+450+72=1366 P=1362/2^12=683/2^11 ANS=683
Solution 2
Consider the numbers {1,4,7,10,13,16}. Each of those are congruent to 1mod3. There is way to choose zero numbers ways to choose 1 and so on. There ends up being possible subsets congruent to 0mod 3. There are possible subsets of these numbers.
Solution 3
Notice that six numbers are , six are , and six are . Having numbers will not change the remainder when is divided by , so we can choose any number of these in our subset. We ignore these for now. The number of numbers that are , minus the number of numbers that are , must be a multiple of , possibly zero or negative. We can now split into cases based on how many numbers that are are in the set.
Case 1- , , or integers: There can be , , or integers that are . We can choose these in ways.
Case 2- or integers: There can be or integers that are . We can choose these in ways.
Case 3- or integers: There can be or integers that are . We can choose these in ways.
Adding these up, we get that there are ways to choose the numbers such that their sum is a multiple of three. Putting back in the possibility that there can be multiples of in our set, we have that there are subsets with a sum that is a multiple of . Since there are total subsets, the probability is , so the answer is .
See Also
2018 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
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