1985 IMO Problems/Problem 1

(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Problem

A circle has center on the side $AB$ of the cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. The other three sides are tangent to the circle. Prove that $AD + BC = AB$.

Solutions

Solution 1

Let $O$ be the center of the circle mentioned in the problem. Let $T$ be the second intersection of the circumcircle of $CDO$ with $AB$. By measures of arcs, $\angle DTA = \angle DCO = \frac{\angle DCB}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\angle DAB}{2}$. It follows that $AT = AD$. Likewise, $TB = BC$, so $AD + BC = AB$, as desired.

Solution 2

Let $O$ be the center of the circle mentioned in the problem, and let $T$ be the point on $AB$ such that $AT = AD$. Then $\angle DTA = \frac{ \pi - \angle DAB}{2} = \angle DCO$, so $DCOT$ is a cyclic quadrilateral and $T$ is in fact the $T$ of the previous solution. The conclusion follows.

Solution 3

Let the circle have center $O$ and radius $r$, and let its points of tangency with $BC, CD, DA$ be $E, F, G$, respectively. Since $OEFC$ is clearly a cyclic quadrilateral, the angle $COE$ is equal to half the angle $GAO$. Then

$\begin{matrix} {CE} & = & r \tan(COE) \\ & = &r \left( \frac{1 - \cos (GAO)}{\sin(GAO)} \right) \\ & = & AO - AG \\ \end{matrix}$

Likewise, $DG = OB - EB$. It follows that

${EB} + CE + DG + GA = AO + OB$,

Q.E.D.

Solution 4

We use the notation of the previous solution. Let $X$ be the point on the ray $AD$ such that $AX = AO$. We note that $OF = OG = r$; $\angle OFC = \angle OGX = \frac{\pi}{2}$; and $\angle FCO = \angle GXO = \frac{\pi - \angle BAD}{2}$; hence the triangles $OFC, OGX$ are congruent; hence $GX = FC = CE$ and $AO = AG + GX = AG + CE$. Similarly, $OB = EB + GD$. Therefore $AO + OB = AG + GD + CE + EB$, Q.E.D.

Solution 5

This solution is incorrect. The fact that $BC$ is tangent to the circle does not necessitate that $B$ is its point of tangency. -Nitinjan06

From the fact that AD and BC are tangents to the circle mentioned in the problem, we have $\angle{CBA}=90\deg$ and $\angle{DAB}=90\deg$.

Now, from the fact that ABCD is cyclic, we obtain that $\angle{BCD}=90\deg$ and $\angle{CDA}=90\deg$, such that ABCD is a rectangle.

Now, let E be the point of tangency between the circle and CD. It follows, if O is the center of the circle, that $\angle{OEC}=\angle{OED}=90\deg$

Since $AO=EO=BO$, we obtain two squares, $AOED$ and $BOEC$. From the properties of squares we now have

$AD+BC=AO+BO=AB$

as desired.

Solution 6

Lemma. Let $I$ be the in-center of $ABC$ and points $P$ and $Q$ be on the lines $AB$ and $BC$ respectively. Then $BP + CQ = BC$ if and only if $APIQ$ is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Solution. Assume that rays $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at point $P$. Let $S$ be the center od circle touching $AD$, $DC$ and $CB$. Obviosuly $S$ is a $P$-ex-center of $PDB$, hence $\angle DSI=\angle DSP = \frac{1}{2} \angle DCP=\frac{1}{2} \angle A=\angle DAI$ so DASI is concyclic.

Video Solution

Solution 2

Alternate solutions are always welcome. If you have a different, elegant solution to this problem, please add it to this page.

 1985 IMO (Problems) • Resources Preceded byFirst question 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 Followed byProblem 2 All IMO Problems and Solutions