Difference between revisions of "2000 AIME II Problems/Problem 7"

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== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
Given that <center><math>\frac 1{2!17!}+\frac 1{3!16!}+\frac 1{4!15!}+\frac 1{5!14!}+\frac 1{6!13!}+\frac 1{7!12!}+\frac 1{8!11!}+\frac 1{9!10!}=\frac N{1!18!}</math></center> find the greatest integer that is less than <math>\frac N{100}</math>.
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Given that <center><math>\frac 1{2!17!}+\frac 1{3!16!}+\frac 1{4!15!}+\frac 1{5!14!}+\frac 1{6!13!}+\frac 1{7!12!}+\frac 1{8!11!}+\frac 1{9!10!}=\frac N{1!18!}</math></center> find the [[floor function|greatest integer]] that is less than <math>\frac N{100}</math>.
  
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
{{solution}}
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Multiplying both sides by <math>19!</math> yields:
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<cmath>\frac {19!}{2!17!}+\frac {19!}{3!16!}+\frac {19!}{4!15!}+\frac {19!}{5!14!}+\frac {19!}{6!13!}+\frac {19!}{7!12!}+\frac {19!}{8!11!}+\frac {19!}{9!10!}=\frac {19!N}{1!18!}.</cmath>
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<cmath>\binom{19}{2}+\binom{19}{3}+\binom{19}{4}+\binom{19}{5}+\binom{19}{6}+\binom{19}{7}+\binom{19}{8}+\binom{19}{9} = 19N.</cmath>
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Recall the [[combinatorial identity|Combinatorial Identity]] <math>2^{19} = \sum_{n=0}^{19} {19 \choose n}</math>. Since <math>{19 \choose n} = {19 \choose 19-n}</math>, it follows that <math>\sum_{n=0}^{9} {19 \choose n} = \frac{2^{19}}{2} = 2^{18}</math>.
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Thus, <math>19N = 2^{18}-\binom{19}{1}-\binom{19}{0}=2^{18}-19-1 = (2^9)^2-20 = (512)^2-20 = 262124</math>.
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So, <math>N=\frac{262124}{19}=13796</math> and <math>\left\lfloor \frac{N}{100} \right\rfloor =\boxed{137}</math>.
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
{{AIME box|year=2000|n=II|num-b=6|num-a=8}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2000|n=II|num-b=6|num-a=8}}
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[[Category:Intermediate Combinatorics Problems]]
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{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 23:51, 7 January 2019

Problem

Given that

$\frac 1{2!17!}+\frac 1{3!16!}+\frac 1{4!15!}+\frac 1{5!14!}+\frac 1{6!13!}+\frac 1{7!12!}+\frac 1{8!11!}+\frac 1{9!10!}=\frac N{1!18!}$

find the greatest integer that is less than $\frac N{100}$.

Solution

Multiplying both sides by $19!$ yields:

\[\frac {19!}{2!17!}+\frac {19!}{3!16!}+\frac {19!}{4!15!}+\frac {19!}{5!14!}+\frac {19!}{6!13!}+\frac {19!}{7!12!}+\frac {19!}{8!11!}+\frac {19!}{9!10!}=\frac {19!N}{1!18!}.\]

\[\binom{19}{2}+\binom{19}{3}+\binom{19}{4}+\binom{19}{5}+\binom{19}{6}+\binom{19}{7}+\binom{19}{8}+\binom{19}{9} = 19N.\]

Recall the Combinatorial Identity $2^{19} = \sum_{n=0}^{19} {19 \choose n}$. Since ${19 \choose n} = {19 \choose 19-n}$, it follows that $\sum_{n=0}^{9} {19 \choose n} = \frac{2^{19}}{2} = 2^{18}$.

Thus, $19N = 2^{18}-\binom{19}{1}-\binom{19}{0}=2^{18}-19-1 = (2^9)^2-20 = (512)^2-20 = 262124$.

So, $N=\frac{262124}{19}=13796$ and $\left\lfloor \frac{N}{100} \right\rfloor =\boxed{137}$.

See also

2000 AIME II (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 6
Followed by
Problem 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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