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Difference between revisions of "2000 IMO Problems/Problem 1"
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Lemma: Given a triangle ABC and a point P in its interior, assume that the circumcircles of ACP and ABP are tangent to BC. Prove that ray AP bisects BC.
 
Lemma: Given a triangle ABC and a point P in its interior, assume that the circumcircles of ACP and ABP are tangent to BC. Prove that ray AP bisects BC.
 
Proof: Call the intersection of AP and BC D. By power of a point, <math>BD^2=AD(PD)</math> and <math>CD^2=AD(PD)</math>, so BD=CD.
 
Proof: Call the intersection of AP and BC D. By power of a point, <math>BD^2=AD(PD)</math> and <math>CD^2=AD(PD)</math>, so BD=CD.
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Proof of problem: Let ray NM intersect AB at X. By our lemma (the two circles are tangent to AB), X bisects AB. Since triangles NAX and NPM are similar, and NBX and NQM are similar, M bisects PQ. Since EM is perpendicular to AB (proof needed) EQ=EP.
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Proof of problem: Let ray NM intersect AB at X. By our lemma (the two circles are tangent to AB), X bisects AB. Since triangles NAX and NPM are similar, and NBX and NQM are similar, M bisects PQ. Now, since CD is parallel to AB, we know that triangle BMD is isoceles, so <math>\angle{BMD}=\angle{BDM}</math> and by simple parallel line rules, <math>\angle{ABM}=\angle{EBA}</math>. Similarily, <math>\angle{BAM}=\angle{EAB}</math>, so by ASA triangle ABM and triangle EAB are congruent, so EBMA is a kite, so EM is perpendicular to AB. That means EM is perpendicular to PQ, so EPQ is isoceles, and EP=EQ.

Revision as of 12:23, 13 April 2018


Problem

Two circles $G_1$ and $G_2$ intersect at two points $M$ and $N$. Let $AB$ be the line tangent to these circles at $A$ and $B$, respectively, so that $M$ lies closer to $AB$ than $N$. Let $CD$ be the line parallel to $AB$ and passing through the point $M$, with $C$ on $G_1$ and $D$ on $G_2$. Lines $AC$ and $BD$ meet at $E$; lines $AN$ and $CD$ meet at $P$; lines $BN$ and $CD$ meet at $Q$. Show that $EP=EQ$.

Solution

Lemma: Given a triangle ABC and a point P in its interior, assume that the circumcircles of ACP and ABP are tangent to BC. Prove that ray AP bisects BC. Proof: Call the intersection of AP and BC D. By power of a point, $BD^2=AD(PD)$ and $CD^2=AD(PD)$, so BD=CD. Proof of problem: Let ray NM intersect AB at X. By our lemma (the two circles are tangent to AB), X bisects AB. Since triangles NAX and NPM are similar, and NBX and NQM are similar, M bisects PQ. Now, since CD is parallel to AB, we know that triangle BMD is isoceles, so $\angle{BMD}=\angle{BDM}$ and by simple parallel line rules, $\angle{ABM}=\angle{EBA}$. Similarily, $\angle{BAM}=\angle{EAB}$, so by ASA triangle ABM and triangle EAB are congruent, so EBMA is a kite, so EM is perpendicular to AB. That means EM is perpendicular to PQ, so EPQ is isoceles, and EP=EQ.

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