2001 IMO Shortlist Problems/N4

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Problem

Let $p \geq 5$ be a prime number. Prove that there exists an integer $a$ with $1 \leq a \leq p - 2$ such that neither $a^{p - 1} - 1$ nor $(a + 1)^{p - 1} - 1$ is divisible by $p^2$.

Solution

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