# Difference between revisions of "2007 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 15"

## Problem

Four circles of radius $1$ are each tangent to two sides of a square and externally tangent to a circle of radius $2$, as shown. What is the area of the square?

$[asy] unitsize(5mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(8pt)); real h=3*sqrt(2)/2; pair O0=(0,0), O1=(h,h), O2=(-h,h), O3=(-h,-h), O4=(h,-h); pair X=O0+2*dir(30), Y=O2+dir(45); draw((-h-1,-h-1)--(-h-1,h+1)--(h+1,h+1)--(h+1,-h-1)--cycle); draw(Circle(O0,2)); draw(Circle(O1,1)); draw(Circle(O2,1)); draw(Circle(O3,1)); draw(Circle(O4,1)); draw(O0--X); draw(O2--Y); label("2",midpoint(O0--X),NW); label("1",midpoint(O2--Y),SE); [/asy]$

$\text{(A)}\ 32 \qquad \text{(B)}\ 22 + 12\sqrt {2}\qquad \text{(C)}\ 16 + 16\sqrt {3}\qquad \text{(D)}\ 48 \qquad \text{(E)}\ 36 + 16\sqrt {2}$

## Solution 1

Draw a square connecting the centers of the four small circles of radius $1$. This square has a diagonal of length $6$, as it includes the diameter of the big circle of radius $2$ and two radii of the small circles of radius $1$. Therefore, the side length of this square is $$\frac{6}{\sqrt{2}} = 3\sqrt{2}.$$ The radius of the large square has a side length $2$ units larger than the one found by connecting the midpoints, so its side length is $$2 + 3\sqrt{2}.$$ The area of this square is $(2+3\sqrt{2})^2 = 22 + 12\sqrt{2}$ $(B).$

## Solution 2

We draw the long diagonal of the square. This diagonal yields $2\sqrt{2}+1+1+2+2=2\sqrt{2}+6$. We know that the side length $s$ in terms of the diagonal $d$ is $s=\frac{d}{\sqrt{2}}$, so our side length is $\frac{2\sqrt{2}+6}{\sqrt{2}}$. However, we are trying to look for the area, so squaring $\frac{2\sqrt{2}+6}{\sqrt{2}}$ yields $\frac{44+24\sqrt{2}}{2}=\boxed{\text{(B)}22+12\sqrt{2}}$