Difference between revisions of "2008 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 15"

(Note)
(Note)
Line 13: Line 13:
  
 
===Note===
 
===Note===
Another way to get <math>k \equiv 0 \pmod{10}</math> is to find the cycles of the digits.
+
Another way to get <math>k \equiv 0 \pmod{10}</math> is to find the cycles of the units digit.
  
For <math>2008^2</math>, we only have to care about the last digit <math>8</math> since <math>8^2</math> itself is a two digit and we want the last digit. The last digit of <math>2008^2</math> is obviously <math>4.</math>
+
For <math>2008^2</math>, we need only be concerned with the last digit <math>8</math> since the other digits do not affect the last digit. The last digit of <math>2008^2</math> is <math>4</math>.
  
 
For <math>2^{2008}</math>, note that the last digit cycles thru the pattern <math>{2, 4, 8, 6}</math>. (You can easily do this by simply calculating the first powers of <math>2</math>.)
 
For <math>2^{2008}</math>, note that the last digit cycles thru the pattern <math>{2, 4, 8, 6}</math>. (You can easily do this by simply calculating the first powers of <math>2</math>.)

Revision as of 19:47, 4 June 2021

The following problem is from both the 2008 AMC 12A #15 and 2008 AMC 10A #24, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Let $k={2008}^{2}+{2}^{2008}$. What is the units digit of $k^2+2^k$?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ 0\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ 2\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ 4\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ 6\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ 8$

Solution

$k \equiv 2008^2 + 2^{2008} \equiv 8^2 + 2^4 \equiv 4+6 \equiv 0 \pmod{10}$.

So, $k^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{10}$. Since $k = 2008^2+2^{2008}$ is a multiple of four and the units digit of powers of two repeat in cycles of four, $2^k \equiv 2^4 \equiv 6 \pmod{10}$.

Therefore, $k^2+2^k \equiv 0+6 \equiv 6 \pmod{10}$. So the units digit is $6 \Rightarrow \boxed{D}$.

Note

Another way to get $k \equiv 0 \pmod{10}$ is to find the cycles of the units digit.

For $2008^2$, we need only be concerned with the last digit $8$ since the other digits do not affect the last digit. The last digit of $2008^2$ is $4$.

For $2^{2008}$, note that the last digit cycles thru the pattern ${2, 4, 8, 6}$. (You can easily do this by simply calculating the first powers of $2$.)

Since $2008$ is a multiple of $4$, the last digit of $2^{2008}$ is evidently $6.$

Continue as follows.

~mathboy282

Solution 2 (Video solution)

Video: https://youtu.be/Ib-onAecb1I

See Also

2008 AMC 12A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 14
Followed by
Problem 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions
2008 AMC 10A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 23
Followed by
Problem 25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png