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Difference between revisions of "2009 AIME I Problems/Problem 12"

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Since the ratios between corresponding lengths of two similar diagrams are equal, we can let <math>AD = 144, CD = 420</math> and <math>BD = 1225</math>. Hence <math>BP = 144, AQ = 1225, AB = 1369</math> and the radius <math>r = OD = 210</math>.  
 
Since the ratios between corresponding lengths of two similar diagrams are equal, we can let <math>AD = 144, CD = 420</math> and <math>BD = 1225</math>. Hence <math>BP = 144, AQ = 1225, AB = 1369</math> and the radius <math>r = OD = 210</math>.  
  
−
Since we have <math>\tan OAB = \frac {35}{24}</math> and <math>\tan OBA = \frac{6}{35}</math> , we have <math>\sin {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {1369}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}}, \cos {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {630}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}}</math>. Hence <math>\sin I = \sin {(2OAB + 2OBA)} = \frac {2*1369*630}{1801*1261}</math>. let <math>IP = IQ = x</math> , then we have Area<math>(IBC)</math> = <math>(2x + 1225*2 + 144*2)*\frac {210}{2}</math> = <math>(x + 144)(x + 1225)* \sin {\frac {I}{2}}</math>. Then we get <math>x + 1369 = \frac {3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)}{1801*1261}</math>.
+
Since we have <math>\tan OAB = \frac {35}{24}</math> and <math>\tan OBA = \frac{6}{35}</math> , we have <math>\sin {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {1369}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}},</math><math>\cos {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {630}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}}</math>.
 +
 
 +
Hence <math>\sin I = \sin {(2OAB + 2OBA)} = \frac {2*1369*630}{1801*1261}</math>. let <math>IP = IQ = x</math> , then we have Area<math>(IBC)</math> = <math>(2x + 1225*2 + 144*2)*\frac {210}{2}</math> = <math>(x + 144)(x + 1225)* \sin {\frac {I}{2}}</math>. Then we get <math>x + 1369 = \frac {3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)}{1801*1261}</math>.
  
 
Now the equation looks very complex but we can take a guess here. Assume that <math>x</math> is a rational number
 
Now the equation looks very complex but we can take a guess here. Assume that <math>x</math> is a rational number
−
(If it's not then the answer to the problem would be irrational which can't be in the form of m/n)  
+
(If it's not then the answer to the problem would be irrational which can't be in the form of <math>\frac {m}{n}</math>)  
−
that can be expressed as a/b such that (a,b) = 1, look at both side, we can know that a has to be multiple of 1369 and not of 3. And it's reasonable to think that b is divisible by 3 so that we can cancel out the 3 on the right side of the equation.
+
that can be expressed as <math>\frac {a}{b}</math> such that <math>(a,b) = 1</math>. Look at both sides; we can know that <math>a</math> has to be a multiple of <math>1369</math> and not of <math>3</math> and it's reasonable to think that <math>b</math> is divisible by <math>3</math> so that we can cancel out the <math>3</math> on the right side of the equation.
  
−
Let's try if x = 1369/3 fits. Since 1369/3 + 1369 = 4*1369/3, and 3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)/(1801*1261) = 3*1369*(1801/3)*(1261*4/3)/1801*1261 = 4*1369/3. Amazingly it fits!
+
Let's see if <math>x = \frac {1369}{3}</math> fits. Since <math>\frac {1369}{3} + 1369 = \frac {4*1369}{3}</math>, and <math>\frac {3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)}{1801*1261} = \frac {3*1369* \frac {1801}{3} * \frac {1261*4}{3}} {1801*1261} = \frac {4*1369}{3}</math>. Amazingly it fits!
  
−
Since we know that 3*1369*144*1225 - 1369*1801*1261 < 0, the other solution of this equation is negative which can be ignored. Hence x = 1369/3.  
+
Since we know that <math>3*1369*144*1225 - 1369*1801*1261 < 0</math>, the other solution of this equation is negative which can be ignored. Hence <math>x = 1369/3</math>.  
  
−
Hence the perimeter is 1225*2 + 144*2 + (1369/3)*2 = 1369*(8/3), and BC is 1369. Hence m/n = 8/3, m + n = 11.
+
Hence the perimeter is <math>1225*2 + 144*2 + \frac {1369}{3} *2 = 1369* \frac {8}{3}</math>, and <math>BC</math> is <math>1369</math>. Hence <math>\frac {m}{n} = \frac {8}{3}</math>, <math>m + n = 11</math>.
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
{{AIME box|year=2009|n=I|num-b=11|num-a=13}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2009|n=I|num-b=11|num-a=13}}

Revision as of 19:16, 22 March 2009

Problem

In right $\triangle ABC$ with hypotenuse $\overline{AB}$, $AC = 12$, $BC = 35$, and $\overline{CD}$ is the altitude to $\overline{AB}$. Let $\omega$ be the circle having $\overline{CD}$ as a diameter. Let $I$ be a point outside $\triangle ABC$ such that $\overline{AI}$ and $\overline{BI}$ are both tangent to circle $\omega$. The ratio of the perimeter of $\triangle ABI$ to the length $AB$ can be expressed in the form $\frac {m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$.


Solution

Let $O$ be center of the circle and $P$,$Q$ be the two points of tangent such that $P$ is on $BI$ and $Q$ is on $AI$. We know that $AD:CD = CD:BD = 12:35$.

Since the ratios between corresponding lengths of two similar diagrams are equal, we can let $AD = 144, CD = 420$ and $BD = 1225$. Hence $BP = 144, AQ = 1225, AB = 1369$ and the radius $r = OD = 210$.

Since we have $\tan OAB = \frac {35}{24}$ and $\tan OBA = \frac{6}{35}$ , we have $\sin {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {1369}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}},$$\cos {(OAB + OBA)} = \frac {630}{\sqrt {(1801*1261)}}$.

Hence $\sin I = \sin {(2OAB + 2OBA)} = \frac {2*1369*630}{1801*1261}$. let $IP = IQ = x$ , then we have Area$(IBC)$ = $(2x + 1225*2 + 144*2)*\frac {210}{2}$ = $(x + 144)(x + 1225)* \sin {\frac {I}{2}}$. Then we get $x + 1369 = \frac {3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)}{1801*1261}$.

Now the equation looks very complex but we can take a guess here. Assume that $x$ is a rational number (If it's not then the answer to the problem would be irrational which can't be in the form of $\frac {m}{n}$) that can be expressed as $\frac {a}{b}$ such that $(a,b) = 1$. Look at both sides; we can know that $a$ has to be a multiple of $1369$ and not of $3$ and it's reasonable to think that $b$ is divisible by $3$ so that we can cancel out the $3$ on the right side of the equation.

Let's see if $x = \frac {1369}{3}$ fits. Since $\frac {1369}{3} + 1369 = \frac {4*1369}{3}$, and $\frac {3*1369*(x + 144)(x + 1225)}{1801*1261} = \frac {3*1369* \frac {1801}{3} * \frac {1261*4}{3}} {1801*1261} = \frac {4*1369}{3}$. Amazingly it fits!

Since we know that $3*1369*144*1225 - 1369*1801*1261 < 0$, the other solution of this equation is negative which can be ignored. Hence $x = 1369/3$.

Hence the perimeter is $1225*2 + 144*2 + \frac {1369}{3} *2 = 1369* \frac {8}{3}$, and $BC$ is $1369$. Hence $\frac {m}{n} = \frac {8}{3}$, $m + n = 11$.

See also

2009 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 11 		Followed by
Problem 13
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All AIME Problems and Solutions
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