Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2012 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 17"

(→‎Solution 1)
(→‎Solution 2)
Line 15: Line 15:
 
Set <math>x = a^2 + b^2</math>, and <math>y = ab</math>.  Then <math>\frac{x + y}{x - 2y} = \frac{73}{3}</math>.  Cross multiplying gives <math>3x + 3y = 73x - 146y</math>, and simplifying gives <math>\frac{x}{y} = \frac{149}{70}</math>.  Since <math>149</math> and <math>70</math> are relatively prime, we let <math>x = 149</math> and <math>y = 70</math>, giving <math>a^2 + b^2 = 149</math> and <math>ab = 70</math>.  Since <math>a>b>0</math>, the only solution is <math>(a,b) = (10, 7)</math>, which can be seen upon squaring and summing the various factor pairs of <math>70</math>.
 
Set <math>x = a^2 + b^2</math>, and <math>y = ab</math>.  Then <math>\frac{x + y}{x - 2y} = \frac{73}{3}</math>.  Cross multiplying gives <math>3x + 3y = 73x - 146y</math>, and simplifying gives <math>\frac{x}{y} = \frac{149}{70}</math>.  Since <math>149</math> and <math>70</math> are relatively prime, we let <math>x = 149</math> and <math>y = 70</math>, giving <math>a^2 + b^2 = 149</math> and <math>ab = 70</math>.  Since <math>a>b>0</math>, the only solution is <math>(a,b) = (10, 7)</math>, which can be seen upon squaring and summing the various factor pairs of <math>70</math>.
  
 +
Thus, <math>a - b = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 3}</math>.
  
−
An alternate method of solving the system of equations involves solving the second equation for <math>a</math>, plugging it into the first equation, and solving the resulting quartic equation with a substitution of <math>u = b^2</math>.  The four solutions correspond to <math>(\pm10, \pm7), (\pm7, \pm10)</math>
+
'''Remarks:'''
  
 +
An alternate method of solving the system of equations involves solving the second equation for <math>a</math>, plugging it into the first equation, and solving the resulting quartic equation with a substitution of <math>u = b^2</math>.  The four solutions correspond to <math>(\pm10, \pm7), (\pm7, \pm10).</math>
  
−
Thus, the desired quantity <math>a - b = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 3}</math>.
+
Also, we can solve for <math>a-b</math> directly instead of solving for <math>a</math> and <math>b</math>: <math>a^2-2ab+b^2=149-2(70)=9 \implies a-b=3.</math>
  
 
Note that if you double <math>x</math> and double <math>y</math>, you will get different (but not relatively prime) values for <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> that satisfy the original equation.
 
Note that if you double <math>x</math> and double <math>y</math>, you will get different (but not relatively prime) values for <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> that satisfy the original equation.
−
 
−
Or we can solve for <math>a-b</math> directly instead of solving for <math>a</math> and <math>b</math>. <math>a^2-2ab+b^2=149-140=9</math>, <math>a-b=3</math>
 
  
 
== Solution 3 ==
 
== Solution 3 ==

Revision as of 12:15, 31 January 2014

Problem

Let $a$ and $b$ be relatively prime integers with $a>b>0$ and $\frac{a^3-b^3}{(a-b)^3}$ = $\frac{73}{3}$. What is $a-b$?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 4\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 5$

Solution 1 (uses the answer choices)

Since $a$ and $b$ are both integers, $a^3-b^3$ and $(a-b)^3$ are both integers as well. Then, for the given fraction to simplify to $\frac{73}{3}$, the denominator $(a-b)^3$ must be a multiple of $3.$ Thus, $a-b$ is a multiple of $3.$ Looking at the answer choices, the only multiple of $3$ is $\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 3}$.

Solution 2

Using difference of cubes in the numerator and cancelling out one $(a-b)$ in the numerator and denominator gives $\frac{a^2 + ab + b^2}{a^2 - 2ab + b^2} = \frac{73}{3}$.

Set $x = a^2 + b^2$, and $y = ab$. Then $\frac{x + y}{x - 2y} = \frac{73}{3}$. Cross multiplying gives $3x + 3y = 73x - 146y$, and simplifying gives $\frac{x}{y} = \frac{149}{70}$. Since $149$ and $70$ are relatively prime, we let $x = 149$ and $y = 70$, giving $a^2 + b^2 = 149$ and $ab = 70$. Since $a>b>0$, the only solution is $(a,b) = (10, 7)$, which can be seen upon squaring and summing the various factor pairs of $70$.

Thus, $a - b = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 3}$.

Remarks:

An alternate method of solving the system of equations involves solving the second equation for $a$, plugging it into the first equation, and solving the resulting quartic equation with a substitution of $u = b^2$. The four solutions correspond to $(\pm10, \pm7), (\pm7, \pm10).$

Also, we can solve for $a-b$ directly instead of solving for $a$ and $b$: $a^2-2ab+b^2=149-2(70)=9 \implies a-b=3.$

Note that if you double $x$ and double $y$, you will get different (but not relatively prime) values for $a$ and $b$ that satisfy the original equation.

Solution 3

The first step is the same as above which gives $\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a^2-2ab+b^2}=\frac{73}{3}$.

Then we can subtract $3ab$ and then add $3ab$ to get $\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2+3ab}{a^2-2ab+b^2}=\frac{73}{3}$, which gives $1+\frac{3ab}{(a-b)^2}=\frac{73}{3}$. $\frac{3ab}{(a-b)^2}=\frac{70}{3}$. Cross multiply $9ab=70(a-b)^2$. Since $a>b$, take the square root. $a-b=3\sqrt{\frac{ab}{70}}$. Since $a$ and $b$ are integers and relatively prime, $\sqrt{\frac{ab}{70}}$ is an integer. $ab$ is a multiple of $70$, so $a-b$ is a multiple of $3$. Therefore $a=10$ and $b=7$ is a solution. So $a-b=\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 3}$

See Also

2012 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 16 		Followed by
Problem 18
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2012_AMC_10A_Problems/Problem_17&oldid=58978"