Difference between revisions of "2013 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 25"

Revision as of 03:09, 24 February 2013

Problem

Bernardo chooses a three-digit positive integer $N$ and writes both its base-5 and base-6 representations on a blackboard. Later LeRoy sees the two numbers Bernardo has written. Treating the two numbers as base-10 integers, he adds them to obtain an integer $S$ . For example, if $N = 749$ , Bernardo writes the numbers $10,444$ and $3,245$ , and LeRoy obtains the sum $S = 13,689$ . For how many choices of $n$ are the two rightmost digits of $S$ , in order, the same as those of $2N$ ?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 5 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 10 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 15 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 20 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 25$

First, we can examine the units digits of the number base 5 and base 6 and eliminate some possibilities.

Say that $N \equiv a \pmod{6}$

also that $N \equiv b \pmod{5}$

After some inspection, it can be seen that b=d, and $b < 5$ , so $N \equiv a \pmod{6}$ $N \equiv a \pmod{5}$ $\implies N=a \pmod{30}$ $0 \le a \le 4$

//===============================================================================

Therefore, N can be written as 30x+y and 2N can be written as 60x+2y

Keep in mind that y can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, five choices; Also, we have already found which digits of y will add up into the units digits of 2N.

Now, examine the tens digit, x by using mod 36 and 25 to find the tens digit (units digits can be disregarded because y=0,1,2,3,4 will always work) Then we see that N=30x+y and take it mod 25 and 36 to find the last two digits in the base 5 and 6 representation. $N \equiv 30x \pmod{36}$ $N \equiv 30x \equiv 5x \pmod{25}$ Both of those must add up to $2N\equiv60x \pmod{100}$

( $33 \ge x \ge 4$ )

Now, since y=0,1,2,3,4 will always work if x works, then we can treat x as a units digit instead of a tens digit in the respective bases and decrease the mods so that x is

now the units digit :) $N \equiv 6x \equiv x \pmod{5}$ $N \equiv 5x \pmod{6}$ $2N\equiv 6x \pmod{10}$

Say that $x=5m+n$ (m is between 0-6, n is 0-4 because of constraints on x) Then

$N \equiv 5m+n \pmod{5}$ $N \equiv 25m+5n \pmod{6}$ $2N\equiv30m + 5n \pmod{10}$

and this simplifies to

$N \equiv n \pmod{5}$ $N \equiv m+5n \pmod{6}$ $2N\equiv 5n \pmod{10}$

From inspection, when

n=0, m=6

n=1, m=5

n=2, m=4

n=3, m=5

n=4, m=4

This gives you 5 choices for x, and 5 choices for y, so the answer is $5\cdot 5 = 25 \implies \boxed{(E)}$

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <math> \textbf{(A)}\ 5 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 10 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 15 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 20 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 25</math>
-==Solution==
+First, we can examine the units digits of the number base 5 and base 6 and eliminate some possibilities.
+Say that <math>N \equiv a \pmod{6}</math>
+also that <math>N \equiv b \pmod{5}</math>
+After some inspection, it can be seen that b=d, and <math>b < 5</math>, so
+<math>N \equiv a \pmod{6}</math>
+<math>N \equiv  a \pmod{5}</math>
+<math>\implies N=a \pmod{30}</math>
+<math>0 \le a \le 4 </math>
+//===============================================================================
+Therefore, N can be written as  30x+y
+and 2N can be written as 60x+2y
+Keep in mind that y can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, five choices;
+Also, we have already found which digits of y will add up into the units digits of 2N.
+Now, examine the tens digit, x by using mod 36 and 25 to find the tens digit (units digits can be disregarded because y=0,1,2,3,4 will always work)
+Then we see that N=30x+y and take it mod 25 and 36 to find the last two digits in the base 5 and 6 representation.
+<cmath>N \equiv 30x \pmod{36}</cmath>
+<cmath>N \equiv 30x \equiv 5x \pmod{25}</cmath>
+Both of those must add up to
+<cmath>2N\equiv60x \pmod{100}</cmath>
+(<math>33 \ge x \ge 4</math>)
+Now, since y=0,1,2,3,4 will always work if x works, then we can treat x as a units digit instead of a tens digit in the respective bases and decrease the mods so that x is
+now the units digit :)
+<cmath>N \equiv 6x \equiv x \pmod{5}</cmath>
+<cmath>N \equiv 5x \pmod{6}</cmath>
+<cmath>2N\equiv 6x \pmod{10}</cmath>
+Say that <math>x=5m+n</math> (m is between 0-6, n is 0-4 because of constraints on x)
+Then
+<cmath>N \equiv 5m+n \pmod{5}</cmath>
+<cmath>N \equiv 25m+5n \pmod{6}</cmath>
+<cmath>2N\equiv30m + 5n \pmod{10}</cmath>
+and this simplifies to
+<cmath>N \equiv n \pmod{5}</cmath>
+<cmath>N \equiv m+5n \pmod{6}</cmath>
+<cmath>2N\equiv 5n \pmod{10}</cmath>
+From inspection, when
+n=0, m=6
+n=1, m=5
+n=2, m=4
+n=3, m=5
+n=4, m=4
+This gives you 5 choices for x, and 5 choices for y, so the answer is
+<math>5\cdot 5 = 25 \implies \boxed{(E)}</math>

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Difference between revisions of "2013 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 25"

Revision as of 03:09, 24 February 2013

Problem