Difference between revisions of "2014 USAJMO Problems"

(Problem 5)
(Problem 4)
Line 22: Line 22:
  
 
===Problem 4===
 
===Problem 4===
 +
Let <math>b\geq 2</math> be an integer, and let <math>s_b(n)</math> denote the sum of the digits of <math>n</math> when it is written in base <math>b</math>.  Show that there are infinitely many positive integers that cannot be represented in the form <math>n+s_b(n)</math>, where <math>n</math> is a positive integer.
 +
 
[[2014 USAJMO Problems/Problem 4|Solution]]
 
[[2014 USAJMO Problems/Problem 4|Solution]]
 +
 
===Problem 5===
 
===Problem 5===
 
Let <math>k</math> be a positive integer. Two players <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> play a game on an infinite grid of regular hexagons. Initially all the grid cells are empty. Then the players alternately take turns with <math>A</math> moving first. In his move, <math>A</math> may choose two adjacent hexagons in the grid which are empty and place a counter in both of them. In his move, <math>B</math> may choose any counter on the board and remove it. If at any time there are <math>k</math> consecutive grid cells in a line all of which contain a counter, <math>A</math> wins. Find the minimum value of <math>k</math> for which <math>A</math> cannot win in a finite number of moves, or prove that no such minimum value exists.
 
Let <math>k</math> be a positive integer. Two players <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> play a game on an infinite grid of regular hexagons. Initially all the grid cells are empty. Then the players alternately take turns with <math>A</math> moving first. In his move, <math>A</math> may choose two adjacent hexagons in the grid which are empty and place a counter in both of them. In his move, <math>B</math> may choose any counter on the board and remove it. If at any time there are <math>k</math> consecutive grid cells in a line all of which contain a counter, <math>A</math> wins. Find the minimum value of <math>k</math> for which <math>A</math> cannot win in a finite number of moves, or prove that no such minimum value exists.

Revision as of 17:42, 30 April 2014

Day 1

Problem 1

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be real numbers greater than or equal to $1$. Prove that \[\min{\left (\frac{10a^2-5a+1}{b^2-5b+1},\frac{10b^2-5b+1}{c^2-5c+10},\frac{10c^2-5c+1}{a^2-5a+10}\right )}\leq abc.\] Solution

Problem 2

Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be a non-equilateral, acute triangle with $\angle A=60^\circ$, and let $O$ and $H$ denote the circumcenter and orthocenter of $\triangle{ABC}$, respectively.

(a) Prove that line $OH$ intersects both segments $AB$ and $AC$.

(b) Line $OH$ intersects segments $AB$ and $AC$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Denote by $s$ and $t$ the respective areas of triangle $APQ$ and quadrilateral $BPQC$. Determine the range of possible values for $s/t$.

Solution

Problem 3

Let $\mathbb{Z}$ be the set of integers. Find all functions $f : \mathbb{Z} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ such that \[xf(2f(y)-x)+y^2f(2x-f(y))=\frac{f(x)^2}{x}+f(yf(y))\] for all $x, y \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $x \neq 0$.

Solution

Day 2

Problem 4

Let $b\geq 2$ be an integer, and let $s_b(n)$ denote the sum of the digits of $n$ when it is written in base $b$. Show that there are infinitely many positive integers that cannot be represented in the form $n+s_b(n)$, where $n$ is a positive integer.

Solution

Problem 5

Let $k$ be a positive integer. Two players $A$ and $B$ play a game on an infinite grid of regular hexagons. Initially all the grid cells are empty. Then the players alternately take turns with $A$ moving first. In his move, $A$ may choose two adjacent hexagons in the grid which are empty and place a counter in both of them. In his move, $B$ may choose any counter on the board and remove it. If at any time there are $k$ consecutive grid cells in a line all of which contain a counter, $A$ wins. Find the minimum value of $k$ for which $A$ cannot win in a finite number of moves, or prove that no such minimum value exists.

Solution

Problem 6

Solution