Difference between revisions of "2015 AIME I Problems/Problem 15"

Problem

A block of wood has the shape of a right circular cylinder with radius $6$ and height $8$, and its entire surface has been painted blue. Points $A$ and $B$ are chosen on the edge of one of the circular faces of the cylinder so that $\overarc{AB}$ on that face measures $120^\text{o}$. The block is then sliced in half along the plane that passes through point $A$, point $B$, and the center of the cylinder, revealing a flat, unpainted face on each half. The area of one of these unpainted faces is $a\cdot\pi + b\sqrt{c}$, where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are integers and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a+b+c$.

Solution

Label the points where the plane intersects the top face of the cylinder as C and D, and the center of the cylinder as O, such that COA is a straight line. Consider a view of the cylinder such that height is disregarded. From this view, note that Cylinder O has become a circle with $\overarc{AB}$ = $\overarc{CD}$ = $120^\text{o}$. Using 30-60-90 triangles, we get rectangle ABCD to have a horizontal component of 6. Now, consider a side view, such that A and B coincide at the bottom of the diagram. From this view, consider the right triangle composed of hypotenuse AD and a point along the base of the viewpoint, which will be labeled as E. From the top view, AE = 6. Because of the height of the cylinder, DE is equal to 8. This makes AD equal to 10.

Now, the use of simple calculus is required. Conceptualize an infinite number of lines perpendicular to AE intersecting both AE and AD. Consider the area between point A and the first vertical line. Label the point where the line intersects AE as E', and the point where the line intersects AD as D'. The area of the part of the initial unpainted face within these two positions approaches a rectangle with length AD' and width $w$. The area of the base within these two positions approaches a rectangle with length AE' and width $w$. The ratio of AD':AE' is 10:6, since the ratio of AD:AE is 10:6. This means that the area of the initial unpainted surface within these two positions to the area of the base within these two positions is equal to 10$w$:6$w$ = 10:6. Through a similar argument, the areas between each set of vertical lines also maintains a ratio of 10:6. Therefore, the ratio of the area we wish to find to the area of the base between AB and CD (from the top perspective) is 10:6. Using 30-60-90 triangles and partial circles, the area of the base between AB and CD is calculated to be $18\sqrt{3}\ + 12 \pi$. The area of the unpainted surface therefore becomes $20\pi + 30\sqrt{3}$, and so our answer is 053.

 2015 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) Preceded byProblem 14 Followed byLast Problem 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 All AIME Problems and Solutions