Difference between revisions of "2016 AIME I Problems/Problem 12"
I Love Math (talk | contribs) m (Box the solution) |
|||
(8 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Problem == | ==Problem == | ||
Find the least positive integer <math>m</math> such that <math>m^2 - m + 11</math> is a product of at least four not necessarily distinct primes. | Find the least positive integer <math>m</math> such that <math>m^2 - m + 11</math> is a product of at least four not necessarily distinct primes. | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | ==Solution 1== |
− | We | + | <math>m(m-1)</math> is the product of two consecutive integers, so it is always even. Thus <math>m(m-1)+11</math> is odd and never divisible by <math>2</math>. Thus any prime <math>p</math> that divides <math>m^2-m+11</math> must divide <math>4m^2-4m+44=(2m-1)^2+43</math>. We see that <math>(2m-1)^2\equiv -43\pmod{p}</math>. We can verify that <math>-43</math> is not a perfect square mod <math>p</math> for each of <math>p=3,5,7</math>. Therefore, all prime factors of <math>m^2-m+11</math> are greater than or equal to <math>11</math>. |
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>m^2 - m + 11 = pqrs</math> for primes <math>p, q, r, s\ge11</math>. If <math>p, q, r, s = 11</math>, then <math>m^2-m+11=11^4</math>. We can multiply this by <math>4</math> and complete the square to find <math>(2m-1)^2=4\cdot 11^4-43</math>. But | ||
+ | <cmath>(2\cdot 11^2-1)^2=4\cdot 11^4-4\cdot 11^2+1 <4\cdot 11^4-43<(2\cdot 11^2)^2,</cmath> | ||
+ | hence we have pinned a perfect square <math>(2m-1)^2=4\cdot 11^4-43</math> strictly between two consecutive perfect squares, a contradiction. Hence <math>pqrs \ge 11^3 \cdot 13</math>. Thus <math>m^2-m+11\ge 11^3\cdot 13</math>, or <math>(m-132)(m+131)\ge0</math>. From the inequality, we see that <math>m \ge 132</math>. <math>132^2 - 132 + 11 = 11^3 \cdot 13</math>, so <math>m = \boxed{132}</math> and we are done. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 2== | ||
+ | Let <math>m=11k</math>, then <math>s=m^2-m+11=11(11k^2-k+1)</math>. We can see <math>k = 1 \mod 11</math> for <math>s</math> to have a second factor of 11. Let <math>k=12</math>, we get <math>11k^2-k+1=11*11*13</math>, so <math>m=11*12=132</math>. -Mathdummy | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 3== | ||
+ | First, we can show that <math>m^2 - m + 11 \not |</math> <math> 2,3,5,7</math>. This can be done by just testing all residue classes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For example, we can test <math>m \equiv 0 \mod 2</math> or <math>m \equiv 1 \mod 2</math> to show that <math>m^2 - m + 11</math> is not divisible by 2. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Case 1: m = 2k | ||
+ | <math>m^2 - m + 11 \equiv 2(2 \cdot k^2 - k + 5) +1 \equiv 1 \mod 2 </math> | ||
+ | Case 2: m = 2k+1 | ||
+ | <math>m^2 - m + 11 \equiv 2(2 \cdot k^2 + k + 5) +1 \equiv 1 \mod 2 </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, we can test <math>m^2 - m + 11 = 11^4</math>, which fails, so we test <math>m^2 - m + 11 = 11^3 \cdot 13</math>, and we get m = <math>132</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | -AlexLikeMath | ||
− | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=11|num-a=13}} | {{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=11|num-a=13}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 16:36, 29 February 2020
Problem
Find the least positive integer such that is a product of at least four not necessarily distinct primes.
Solution 1
is the product of two consecutive integers, so it is always even. Thus is odd and never divisible by . Thus any prime that divides must divide . We see that . We can verify that is not a perfect square mod for each of . Therefore, all prime factors of are greater than or equal to .
Let for primes . If , then . We can multiply this by and complete the square to find . But hence we have pinned a perfect square strictly between two consecutive perfect squares, a contradiction. Hence . Thus , or . From the inequality, we see that . , so and we are done.
Solution 2
Let , then . We can see for to have a second factor of 11. Let , we get , so . -Mathdummy
Solution 3
First, we can show that . This can be done by just testing all residue classes.
For example, we can test or to show that is not divisible by 2.
Case 1: m = 2k
Case 2: m = 2k+1
Now, we can test , which fails, so we test , and we get m = .
-AlexLikeMath
See Also
2016 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.