# Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 20"

## Problem

A dilation of the plane—that is, a size transformation with a positive scale factor—sends the circle of radius $2$ centered at $A(2,2)$ to the circle of radius $3$ centered at $A’(5,6)$. What distance does the origin $O(0,0)$, move under this transformation?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 0\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \sqrt{13}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 4\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 5$

## Solution 1: Algebraic

The center of dilation must lie on the line $A A'$, which can be expressed as $y = \dfrac{4x}{3} - \dfrac{2}{3}$. Note that the center of dilation must have an $x$-coordinate less than $2$; if the $x$-coordinate were otherwise, then the circle under the transformation would not have an increased $x$-coordinate in the coordinate plane. Also, the ratio of dilation must be equal to $\dfrac{3}{2}$, which is the ratio of the radii of the circles. Thus, we are looking for a point $(x,y)$ such that $\dfrac{3}{2} \left( 2 - x \right) = 5 - x$ (for the $x$-coordinates), and $\dfrac{3}{2} \left( 2 - y \right) = 6 - y$. We do not have to include absolute value symbols because we know that the center of dilation has a lower $x$-coordinate, and hence a lower $y$-coordinate, from our reasoning above. Solving the two equations, we get $x = -4$ and $y = - 6$. This means that any point $(a,b)$ on the plane will dilate to the point $\left( \dfrac{3}{2} (a + 4) - 4, \dfrac{3}{2} (b + 6) - 6 \right)$, which means that the point $(0,0)$ dilates to $\left( 6 - 4, 9 - 6 \right) = (2,3)$. Thus, the origin moves $\sqrt{2^2 + 3^2} = \boxed{\sqrt{13}}$ units.

## Solution 2: Geometric

$[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki, go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ /* by adihaya */ import graph; size(13cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ real xmin = -7., xmax = 9., ymin = -7., ymax = 9.6; /* image dimensions */ pen xdxdff = rgb(0.49019607843137253,50.49019607843137253,1.); pen uuuuuu = rgb(0.666666666,0.26666666666666666,0.26666666666666666); pen qqzzff = rgb(0.,0.6,1.); pen ffwwqq = rgb(1.,0.4,0.); pen qqwuqq = rgb(0.,0.39215686274509803,0.); pair O = (3.,0.), A = (2.,2.), B = (2.,1.), C = (4.203155585,5.592712848525), D = (5.,4.), F = (-3.999634206191805,-5.999512274922407), G = (-3.999634206191812,-5.9995122749224175); /* by adihaya */ draw((2.482656878,0.)---(4.482568783,0.48268779)--(2.,0.48272202065687797)--B--cycle, qqwuqq); draw((5.482722020656878,0.)--(7.4827220878,1.48277797)--(5.,0.48272687797)--(5.,0.)--cycle, qqwuqq); Label laxis; laxis.p = fontsize(10); xaxis(xmin, xmax, Ticks(laxis, Step = 2., Size = 2, NoZero),EndArrow(6), above = true); yaxis(ymin, ymax, Ticks(laxis, Step = 2., Size = 2, NoZero),EndArrow(6), above = true); /* draws axes; NoZero hides '0' label */ /* draw figures */ draw(shift(A) * scale(2., 2.)*unitcircle); draw(shift((5.,6.)) * scale(3.000060969351735, 3.000060969351735)*unitcircle); draw((xmin, 1.3333333333333333*xmin-0.6666666666666666)--(xmax, 1.3333333333333333*xmax-0.6666666666666666)); /* line */ draw((2.,ymin)--(2.,ymax)); /* line */ draw((5.,ymin)--(5.,ymax)); /* line */ draw((xmin, 1.6666869897839114*xmin + 0.6666260204321771)--(xmax, 1.6666869897839114*xmax + 0.6666260204321771)); /* line */ draw(O--F, qqzzff); draw(F--A, ffwwqq); /* dots and labels */ dot(O,blue); label("O", (0.08696973475182286,0.23426871275979863), NE * labelscalefactor,blue); dot(A,blue); label("A", (2.089474351594523,2.23677332960249), NE * labelscalefactor,blue); dot((5.,6.),blue); label("A'", (5.093231276858573,6.2190268290055695), NE * labelscalefactor,blue); dot(B,xdxdff); label("B", (2.089474351594523,0.23426871275979863), NE * labelscalefactor,xdxdff); label("c", (0.9971991060439592,3.2607813723061394), NE * labelscalefactor); dot(C,xdxdff); label("C", (3.2955282685566036,3.829674729363722), NE * labelscalefactor,xdxdff); label("d", (3.477574142815031,8.107752774436745), NE * labelscalefactor); label("a", (7.255026033677397,9.404829628528034), NE * labelscalefactor); label("b", (2.1804972887237364,9.404829628528034), NE * labelscalefactor); label("e", (4.615360856930201,9.404829628528034), NE * labelscalefactor); dot(D,linewidth(3.pt) + uuuuuu); /* Solution by adihaya */ label("D", (2.089474351594523,4.125499275033665), NE * labelscalefactor,uuuuuu); dot((5.,9.000060969351734),linewidth(3.pt) + uuuuuu); label("E", (5.093231276858573,9.131760817140394), NE * labelscalefactor,uuuuuu); label("f", (4.933941136882449,9.404829628528034), NE * labelscalefactor); dot(F,linewidth(3.pt) + uuuuuu); label("\Large{(-4,-6)}", (-3.73599362467515,-6.273871291978948), NE * labelscalefactor,uuuuuu); label("\Large{2\sqrt{13}}", (-2.916787190512227,-2.0868161840351394), NE * labelscalefactor,qqzzff); dot(G,linewidth(3.pt) + uuuuuu); label("G", (-3.9180394989335774,-5.864268074897489), NE * labelscalefactor,uuuuuu); label("\Large{10}", (0.2690156090102501,-0.6759606585323339), NE * labelscalefactor,ffwwqq); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* re-scale y/x */ currentpicture = yscale(0.9090909090909091) * currentpicture; /* end of picture */[/asy]$ Using analytic geometry, we find that the center of dilation is at $(-4,-6)$ and the coefficient/factor is $1.5$. Then, we see that the origin is $2\sqrt{13}$ from the center, and will be $1.5 \times 2\sqrt{13} = 3\sqrt{13}$ from it afterwards.

Thus, it will move $3\sqrt{13} - 2\sqrt{13} = \boxed{\sqrt{13}}$.

## Solution 3: Logic and Geometry

Using the ratios of radii of the circles, $\frac{3}{2}$, we find that the scale factor is $1.5$. If the origin had not moved, this indicates that the center of the circle would be $(3,3)$, simply because of $(2 \cdot 1.5, 2 \cdot 1.5)$. Since the center has moved from $(3,3)$ to $(5,6)$, we apply the distance formula and get: $\sqrt{(6-3)^2 + (5-3)^2} = \boxed{\sqrt{13}}$.

## Solution 4: Simple and Practical

Start with the size transformation. Transforming the circle from $r=2$ to $r=3$ would mean the origin point now transforms into the point $(-1,-1)$. Now apply the position shift: $3$ to the right and $4$ up. This gets you the point $(2,3)$. Now simply apply the Pythagorean theorem with the points $(0,0)$ and $(2,3)$ to find the requested distance.

## Solution 5: Using the Axes

Before dilation, notice that the two axes are tangent to the circle with center $(2,2)$. Using this, we can draw new axes tangent to the radius 3 circle with center $(5,6)$, resulting in a "new origin" that is 3 units left and 3 units down from the center $(5,6)$, or $(2,3)$. Using the distance formula, the distance from $(0,0)$ and $(2,3)$ is $\boxed{\sqrt{13}}$. ~Mightyeagle