Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21"

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(Solution 1)
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WLOG note that if a point in the first quadrant satisfies the equation, so do its corresponding points in the other three quadrants. Therefore, we can assume that <math>x, y \ge 0</math>, which implies that <math>|x|=x</math> and <math>|y|=y</math>, and multiply by <math>4</math> at the end.
 
WLOG note that if a point in the first quadrant satisfies the equation, so do its corresponding points in the other three quadrants. Therefore, we can assume that <math>x, y \ge 0</math>, which implies that <math>|x|=x</math> and <math>|y|=y</math>, and multiply by <math>4</math> at the end.
  
We can rearrange the equation to get <math>x^2-x+y^2-y=0 \Rightarrow (x-\tfrac12)^2+(y-\tfrac12)^2=(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2</math>, which describes a circle with center <math>(\tfrac12, \tfrac12)</math> and radius <math>\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}.</math> It's clear we now want to find the union of four circles with overlap.  
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We can rearrange the equation to get <math>x^2-x+y^2-y=0 \Rightarrow (x-\tfrac12)^2+(y-\tfrac12)^2=(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2</math>, which describes a circle with center <math>(\tfrac12, \tfrac12)</math> and radius <math>\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}.</math> It's clear we now want to find the union of four equal areas.
  
 
<asy>draw((0,-1.5)--(0,1.5),EndArrow);draw((-1.5,0)--(1.5,0),EndArrow);draw((0,1)--(1,0)--(0,-1)--(-1,0)--cycle,dotted);
 
<asy>draw((0,-1.5)--(0,1.5),EndArrow);draw((-1.5,0)--(1.5,0),EndArrow);draw((0,1)--(1,0)--(0,-1)--(-1,0)--cycle,dotted);

Revision as of 18:00, 22 July 2021

Problem

What is the area of the region enclosed by the graph of the equation $x^2+y^2=|x|+|y|?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ \pi+\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \pi+2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \pi+2\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\pi+\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2\pi+2\sqrt{2}$

Solution 1

WLOG note that if a point in the first quadrant satisfies the equation, so do its corresponding points in the other three quadrants. Therefore, we can assume that $x, y \ge 0$, which implies that $|x|=x$ and $|y|=y$, and multiply by $4$ at the end.

We can rearrange the equation to get $x^2-x+y^2-y=0 \Rightarrow (x-\tfrac12)^2+(y-\tfrac12)^2=(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2$, which describes a circle with center $(\tfrac12, \tfrac12)$ and radius $\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}.$ It's clear we now want to find the union of four equal areas.

[asy]draw((0,-1.5)--(0,1.5),EndArrow);draw((-1.5,0)--(1.5,0),EndArrow);draw((0,1)--(1,0)--(0,-1)--(-1,0)--cycle,dotted); for(int i=0;i<4;++i){draw(rotate(i*90,(0,0))*arc((1/2,1/2),sqrt(1/2),-45,135));dot(rotate(i*90,(0,0))*(1/2,1/2));}[/asy] There are several ways to find the area, but note that if you connect $(0, 1)$ to its other three respective points in the other three quadrants, you get a square of area $2$, along with four half-circles of diameter $\sqrt{2}$, for a total area of $2+2\cdot(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2\pi = \pi + 2$ which is $\boxed{\textbf{(B)}}$.

Solution 2

Another way to solve this problem is using cases. Though this may seem tedious, we only have to do one case. The equation for this figure is $x^2+y^2=|x|+|y|$ To make this as easy as possible, we can make both $x$ and $y$ positive. Simplifying the equation for $x$ and $y$ being positive, we get the equation $x^{2} +y^{2} -x-y = 0.$

Using the complete the square method, we get $\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2} + \left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}=\frac{1}{2}$

Therefore, the origin of this section of the shape is at $\left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right).$

Using the equation we can also see that the radius has a length of $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

With this shape we see that this shape can be cut into a right triangle and a semicircle. The length of the hypotenuse of the triangle is $\sqrt{2}$ so using special right triangles, we see that the area of the triangle is $\frac{1}{2}$ . The semicircle has the area of $\frac{1}{4}\pi$.

But this is only $1$ case. There are $4$ cases in total so we have to multiply $\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\pi$ by $4$.

After multiplying, our answer is: \[\boxed{\textbf{(B)}  \pi+2}.\]

See Also

2016 AMC 10B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 20
Followed by
Problem 22
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All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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