2016 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21

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Problem

What is the area of the region enclosed by the graph of the equation $x^2+y^2=|x|+|y|?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ \pi+\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \pi+2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \pi+2\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2\pi+\sqrt{2}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2\pi+2\sqrt{2}$

Solution

WLOG note that if a point in the first quadrant satisfies the equation, so do its corresponding points in the other three quadrants. Therefore we can assume that $x, y \ge 0$ and multiply by $4$ at the end.

We can rearrange the equation to get $x^2-x+y^2-y=0 \Rightarrow (x-\tfrac12)^2+(y-\tfrac12)^2=(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2$, which describes a circle with center $(\tfrac12, \tfrac12)$ and radius $\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}.$ It's clear we now want to find the union of four circles with overlap.

[asy]draw((0,-1.5)--(0,1.5),EndArrow);draw((-1.5,0)--(1.5,0),EndArrow);draw((0,1)--(1,0)--(0,-1)--(-1,0)--cycle,dotted); for(int i=0;i<4;++i){draw(rotate(i*90,(0,0))*arc((1/2,1/2),sqrt(1/2),-45,135));dot(rotate(i*90,(0,0))*(1/2,1/2));}[/asy] There are several ways to find the area, but note that if you connect $(0, 1)$ to its other three respective points in the other three quadrants, you get a square of area $2$, along with four half-circles of diameter $\sqrt{2}$, for a total area of $2+2\cdot(\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2})^2\pi = \pi + 2$ which is $\textbf{(B)}$.


Solution 2

Another way to solve this problem is using cases. Though this may seem tedious, we only have to do one case. The equation for this figure is $x^2+y^2=|x|+|y|$ To make this as easy as possible,

we can make both $x$ and $y$ positive. Simplifying the equation for $x$ and $y$ being positive,

we get the equation $x^{2} +y^{2} -x-y$

Using the complete the square method, we get $(x-\frac{1}{2})^{2} + (y-\frac{1}{2})^{2}=\frac{1}{2}$ Therefore, the origin of this section of the shape is at $(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2})$. Using the equation we can also see that the radius has a length of $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ .

<asy>draw((0,-1.5)--(0,1.5),EndArrow);draw((-1.5,0)--(1.5,0),EndArrow);draw((0,1)--(1,0)--(0,-1)--(-1,0)--cycle,dotted);<asy>

With this shape we see that this shape can be cut into a right triangle and a semicircle. The length of the hypotenuse of the triangle is $sqrt2$ so using special right triangles, we see that the area of the triangle is$\frac{1}{2}$ . The semicircle has the area of $\frac[1}{4}\pi$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg).

But this is only $1$ case. There are $4$ cases in total so we have to multiply $\frac{1}{2}+\frac[1}{4}\pi$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg) by $4$.

After multiplying our answer is : $2+\pi$

$\textbf{(B)}2+\pi$

See Also

2016 AMC 10B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 20
Followed by
Problem 22
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All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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