# 2018 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 22

## Problem

Point $E$ is the midpoint of side $\overline{CD}$ in square $ABCD,$ and $\overline{BE}$ meets diagonal $\overline{AC}$ at $F.$ The area of quadrilateral $AFED$ is $45.$ What is the area of $ABCD?$

$[asy] size(5cm); draw((0,0)--(6,0)--(6,6)--(0,6)--cycle); draw((0,6)--(6,0)); draw((3,0)--(6,6)); label("A",(0,6),NW); label("B",(6,6),NE); label("C",(6,0),SE); label("D",(0,0),SW); label("E",(3,0),S); label("F",(4,2),E); [/asy]$

$\textbf{(A) } 100 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 108 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 120 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 135 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 144$

## Solution 1

Let the area of $\triangle CEF$ be $x$. Thus, the area of triangle $\triangle ACD$ is $45+x$ and the area of the square is $2(45+x) = 90+2x$.

By AA similarity, $\triangle CEF \sim \triangle ABF$ with a 1:2 ratio, so the area of triangle $\triangle ABF$ is $4x$. Now consider trapezoid $ABED$. Its area is $45+4x$, which is three-fourths the area of the square. We set up an equation in $x$:

$$45+4x = \frac{3}{4}\left(90+2x\right)$$ Solving, we get $x = 9$. The area of square $ABCD$ is $90+2x = 90 + 2 \cdot 9 = \boxed{\textbf{(B) } 108}$.

## Solution 2

We can use analytic geometry for this problem.

Let us start by giving $D$ the coordinate $(0,0)$, $A$ the coordinate $(0,1)$, and so forth. $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{EB}$ can be represented by the equations $y=-x+1$ and $y=2x-1$, respectively. Solving for their intersection gives point $F$ coordinates $\left(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3}\right)$.

Now, $\triangle$$EFC$’s area is simply $\frac{\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{3}}{2}$ or $\frac{1}{12}$. This means that pentagon $ABCEF$’s area is $\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{7}{12}$ of the entire square, and it follows that quadrilateral $AFED$’s area is $\frac{5}{12}$ of the square.

The area of the square is then $\frac{45}{\frac{5}{12}}=9\cdot12=\boxed{\textbf{(B) } 108}$.

## Solution 3

Note that triangle $ABC$ has half the area of the square and triangle $FEC$ has $\dfrac1{12}$th. Thus the area of the quadrilateral is $1-1/2-1/12=5/12$ th the area of the square. The area of the square is then $45\cdot\dfrac{12}{5}=\boxed{\textbf{(B) } 108}$.

## Solution 4

Extend $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BE}$ to meet at $X$. Drop an altitude from $F$ to $\overline{CE}$ and call it $h$. Also, call $\overline{CE}$ $x$. As stated before, we have $\triangle ABF \sim \triangle CEF$, so the ratio of their heights is in a $1:2$ ratio, making the altitude from $F$ to $\overline{AB}$ $2h$. Note that this means that the side of the square is $3h$. In addition, $\triangle XDE \sim \triangle XAB$ by AA Similarity in a $1:2$ ratio. This means that the side length of the square is $2x$, making $3h=2x$.

Now, note that $[ADEF]=[XAB]-[XDE]-[ABF]$. We have $[\triangle XAB]=(4x)(2x)/2=4x^2,$ $[\triangle XDE]=(x)(2x)/2=x^2,$ and $[\triangle ABF]=(2x)(2h)/2=(2x)(4x/3)/2=4x^2/3.$ Subtracting makes $[ADEF]=4x^2-x^2-4x^2/3=5x^2/3.$ We are given that $[ADEF]=45,$ so $5x^2/3=45 \Rightarrow x^2=27.$ Therefore, $x= 3 \sqrt{3},$ so our answer is $(2x)^2=4x^2=4(27)=\boxed{\textbf{(B) }108}.$ - moony_eyed

## Solution 5

Solution with Cartesian and Barycentric Coordinates:

Claim: Given a square $ABCD$, let $E$ be the midpoint of $\overline{DC}$ and let $BE\cap AC = F$. Then $\frac {AF}{FC}=2$.

Proof. We use Cartesian coordinates. Let $D$ be the origin, $A=(0,1),C=(0,1),B=(1,1)$. We have that $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{EB}$ are governed by the equations $y=-x+1$ and $y=2x-1$, respectively. Solving, $F=\left(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3}\right)$. The result follows. $\square$

Now we apply Barycentric Coordinates w.r.t. $\triangle ACD$. We let $A=(1,0,0),D=(0,1,0),C=(0,0,1)$. Then $E=(0,\tfrac 12,\tfrac 12),F=(\tfrac 13,0,\tfrac 23)$.

In the barycentric coordinate system, the area formula is $[XYZ]=\begin{vmatrix} x_{1} &y_{1} &z_{1} \\ x_{2} &y_{2} &z_{2} \\ x_{3}& y_{3} & z_{3} \end{vmatrix}\cdot [ABC]$ where $\triangle XYZ$ is a random triangle and $\triangle ABC$ is the reference triangle. Using this, we find that$$\frac{[FEC]}{[ACD]}=\begin{vmatrix} 0&0&1\\ 0&\tfrac 12&\tfrac 12\\ \tfrac 13&0&\tfrac 23 \end{vmatrix}=\frac16.$$ Let $[FEC]=x$ so that $[ACD]=45+x$. Then we have $\frac{x}{x+45}=\frac 16 \Rightarrow x=9$ so the answer is $2(45+9)=\boxed{108}$.

## Video Solution

https://youtu.be/c4_-h7DsZFg - Happytwin

https://youtu.be/FDgcLW4frg8?t=4038 - pi_is_3.14

~savannahsolver