Difference between revisions of "2020 AIME II Problems/Problem 4"

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(Solution 6)
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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
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Triangles <math>\triangle ABC</math> and <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> lie in the coordinate plane with vertices <math>A(0,0)</math>, <math>B(0,12)</math>, <math>C(16,0)</math>, <math>A'(24,18)</math>, <math>B'(36,18)</math>, <math>C'(24,2)</math>. A rotation of <math>m</math> degrees clockwise around the point <math>(x,y)</math> where <math>0<m<180</math>, will transform <math>\triangle ABC</math> to <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math>. Find <math>m+x+y</math>.
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 +
==Solution==
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After sketching, it is clear a <math>90^{\circ}</math> rotation is done about <math>(x,y)</math>. Looking between <math>A</math> and <math>A'</math>, <math>x+y=18</math> and <math>x-y=24</math>. Solving gives <math>(x,y)\implies(21,-3)</math>. Thus <math>90+21-3=\boxed{108}</math>.
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~mn28407
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 +
==Solution 2 (Official MAA)==
 +
Because the rotation sends the vertical segment <math>\overline{AB}</math> to the horizontal segment <math>\overline{A'B'}</math>, the angle of rotation is <math>90^\circ</math> degrees clockwise. For any point <math>(x,y)</math> not at the origin, the line segments from <math>(0,0)</math> to <math>(x,y)</math> and from <math>(x,y)</math> to <math>(x-y,y+x)</math> are perpendicular and are the same length. Thus a <math>90^\circ</math> clockwise rotation around the point <math>(x,y)</math> sends the point <math>A(0,0)</math> to the point <math>(x-y,y+x) = A'(24,18)</math>. This has the solution <math>(x,y) = (21,-3)</math>. The requested sum is <math>90+21-3=108</math>.
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 +
==Solution 3==
 +
<asy>
 +
/* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion by samrocksnature, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
 +
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
 +
pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */
 +
pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */
 +
real xmin = -8.0451801958033, xmax = 47.246151591238494, ymin = -10.271454747548662, ymax = 21.426040258770957;  /* image dimensions */
 +
pen zzttqq = rgb(0.6,0.2,0); pen qqwuqq = rgb(0,0.39215686274509803,0); pen qqffff = rgb(0,1,1);
 +
 +
draw((16,0)--(0,0)--(0,12)--cycle, linewidth(2) + zzttqq);
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draw((24,2)--(24,18)--(36,18)--cycle, linewidth(2) + blue);
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draw((16,0)--(21,-3)--(24,2)--cycle, linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);
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draw((21.39134584768662,-2.3477569205223032)--(20.73910276820892,-1.9564110728356852)--(20.347756920522304,-2.608654152313382)--(21,-3)--cycle, linewidth(2) + qqffff);
 +
/* draw figures */
 +
draw((16,0)--(0,0), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);
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draw((0,0)--(0,12), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);
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draw((0,12)--(16,0), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);
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draw((24,2)--(24,18), linewidth(2) + blue);
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draw((24,18)--(36,18), linewidth(2) + blue);
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draw((36,18)--(24,2), linewidth(2) + blue);
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draw((16,0)--(24,2), linewidth(2));
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draw((16,0)--(21,-3), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);
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draw((21,-3)--(24,2), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);
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draw((24,2)--(16,0), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);
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draw((21,-3)--(20,1), linewidth(2.8) + qqffff);
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/* dots and labels */
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dot((0,0),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);
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label("$A$", (-0.6228029714727868,0.12704474547474198), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((0,12),dotstyle);
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label("$B$", (0.1301918194013232,12.354245873478124), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((16,0),dotstyle);
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label("$C$", (16.15822379657881,0.34218611429591583), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((24,18),dotstyle);
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label("$A'$", (24.154311337765787,18.342347305667463), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((24,2),dotstyle);
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label("$C'$", (23.186175178070503,1.95574638045472), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((36,18),dotstyle);
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label("$B'$", (36.13051420214449,18.342347305667463), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((21,-3),dotstyle);
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label("$P$", (21.35747354309052,-3.458644734878156), NE * labelscalefactor);
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dot((20,1),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);
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label("$D$", (20.13833911977053,1.2744653791876692), NE * labelscalefactor);
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clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);
 +
/* end of picture */
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</asy>
 +
 +
We first draw a diagram with the correct Cartesian coordinates and a center of rotation <math>P</math>. Note that <math>PC=PC'</math> because <math>P</math> lies on the perpendicular bisector of <math>CC'</math> (it must be equidistant from <math>C</math> and <math>C'</math> by properties of a rotation).
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 +
Since <math>AB</math> is vertical while <math>A'B'</math> is horizontal, we have that the angle of rotation must be <math>90^{\circ}</math>, and therefore <math>\angle P = 90^{\circ}</math>. Therefore, <math>CPC'</math> is a 45-45-90 right triangle, and <math>CD=DP</math>.
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We calculate <math>D</math> to be <math>(20,1)</math>. Since we translate <math>4</math> right and <math>1</math> up to get from point <math>C</math> to point <math>D</math>, we must translate <math>1</math> right and <math>4</math> down to get to point <math>P</math>. This gives us <math>P(21,-3)</math>. Our answer is then <math>90+21-3=\boxed{108}</math>. ~Lopkiloinm & samrocksnature
 +
 +
==Solution 4==
 +
For the above reasons, the transformation is simply a <math>90^\circ</math> rotation. Proceed with complex numbers on the points <math>C</math> and <math>C'</math>. Let <math>(x, y)</math> be the origin. Thus, <math>C \rightarrow (16-x)+(-y)i</math> and <math>C' \rightarrow (24-x)+(2-y)i</math>. The transformation from <math>C'</math> to <math>C</math> is a multiplication of <math>i</math>, which yields <math>(16-x)+(-y)i=(y-2)+(24-x)i</math>. Equating the real and complex terms results in the equations <math>16-x=y-2</math> and <math>-y=24-x</math>. Solving, <math>(x, y) : (21, -3) \rightarrow 90+21-3=\boxed{108}</math>
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 +
~beastgert
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 +
==Solution 5==
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We know that the rotation point <math>P</math> has to be equidistant from both <math>A</math> and <math>A'</math> so it has to lie on the line that is on the midpoint of the segment <math>AA'</math> and also the line has to be perpendicular to <math>AA'</math>. Solving, we get the line is <math>y=\frac{-4}{3}x+25</math>. Doing the same for <math>B</math> and <math>B'</math>, we get that <math>y=-6x+123</math>. Since the point <math>P</math> of rotation must lie on both of these lines, we set them equal, solve and get: <math>x=21</math>,<math>y=-3</math>. We can also easily see that the degree of rotation is <math>90</math> since <math>AB</math> is initially vertical, and now it is horizontal. Also, we can just sketch this on a coordinate plane and easily realize the same. Hence, the answer is <math>21-3+90 = \boxed{108}</math>
 +
 +
==Video Solution==
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJkNkSAmqhg
 +
 +
~North America Math Contest Go Go Go
 +
 +
 +
==Video Solution==
 +
https://youtu.be/atqPgGG0Ekk
 +
 +
~IceMatrix
 +
 +
==Solution 6==
 +
[[File:2020 AIME II 4.png|500px|right]]
 +
We make transformation of line <math>AB</math> into line <math>A'B'</math> using axes symmetry. Point <math>D(0,18)</math> is the crosspoint of this lines. Equation of line <math>DO</math> is
 +
<cmath>x + y = 18.</cmath>
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<math>\triangle ABC</math> maps into <math>\triangle A''B''C''</math> where <cmath>A''(18,18), B''(6,18), C''(18,2).</cmath>
 +
 +
We make transform of the line <math>A''C''</math> into line <math>A'C'</math> using axes symmetry with respect to line
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<cmath>x  = \frac {A'' + A'}{2} = \frac {24 + 18}{2} = 21.</cmath>
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The composition of two axial symmetries is a rotation through an angle twice as large as the angle between the axes <math>(45^o)</math> around the point of their intersection <math>O(21, – 3).</math>
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<cmath>m + x + y = 90 + 21 – 3 = \boxed {108}</cmath>.
 +
 +
'''Shelomovskii, vvsss,  www.deoma-cmd.ru'''
 +
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
 
{{AIME box|year=2020|n=II|num-b=3|num-a=5}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2020|n=II|num-b=3|num-a=5}}
 +
[[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]]
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 16:11, 17 June 2022

Problem

Triangles $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle A'B'C'$ lie in the coordinate plane with vertices $A(0,0)$, $B(0,12)$, $C(16,0)$, $A'(24,18)$, $B'(36,18)$, $C'(24,2)$. A rotation of $m$ degrees clockwise around the point $(x,y)$ where $0<m<180$, will transform $\triangle ABC$ to $\triangle A'B'C'$. Find $m+x+y$.

Solution

After sketching, it is clear a $90^{\circ}$ rotation is done about $(x,y)$. Looking between $A$ and $A'$, $x+y=18$ and $x-y=24$. Solving gives $(x,y)\implies(21,-3)$. Thus $90+21-3=\boxed{108}$. ~mn28407

Solution 2 (Official MAA)

Because the rotation sends the vertical segment $\overline{AB}$ to the horizontal segment $\overline{A'B'}$, the angle of rotation is $90^\circ$ degrees clockwise. For any point $(x,y)$ not at the origin, the line segments from $(0,0)$ to $(x,y)$ and from $(x,y)$ to $(x-y,y+x)$ are perpendicular and are the same length. Thus a $90^\circ$ clockwise rotation around the point $(x,y)$ sends the point $A(0,0)$ to the point $(x-y,y+x) = A'(24,18)$. This has the solution $(x,y) = (21,-3)$. The requested sum is $90+21-3=108$.

Solution 3

[asy]  /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion by samrocksnature, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */  pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */  real xmin = -8.0451801958033, xmax = 47.246151591238494, ymin = -10.271454747548662, ymax = 21.426040258770957;  /* image dimensions */ pen zzttqq = rgb(0.6,0.2,0); pen qqwuqq = rgb(0,0.39215686274509803,0); pen qqffff = rgb(0,1,1);   draw((16,0)--(0,0)--(0,12)--cycle, linewidth(2) + zzttqq);  draw((24,2)--(24,18)--(36,18)--cycle, linewidth(2) + blue);  draw((16,0)--(21,-3)--(24,2)--cycle, linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);  draw((21.39134584768662,-2.3477569205223032)--(20.73910276820892,-1.9564110728356852)--(20.347756920522304,-2.608654152313382)--(21,-3)--cycle, linewidth(2) + qqffff);   /* draw figures */ draw((16,0)--(0,0), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);  draw((0,0)--(0,12), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);  draw((0,12)--(16,0), linewidth(2) + zzttqq);  draw((24,2)--(24,18), linewidth(2) + blue);  draw((24,18)--(36,18), linewidth(2) + blue);  draw((36,18)--(24,2), linewidth(2) + blue);  draw((16,0)--(24,2), linewidth(2));  draw((16,0)--(21,-3), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);  draw((21,-3)--(24,2), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);  draw((24,2)--(16,0), linewidth(2) + qqwuqq);  draw((21,-3)--(20,1), linewidth(2.8) + qqffff);   /* dots and labels */ dot((0,0),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  label("$A$", (-0.6228029714727868,0.12704474547474198), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((0,12),dotstyle);  label("$B$", (0.1301918194013232,12.354245873478124), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((16,0),dotstyle);  label("$C$", (16.15822379657881,0.34218611429591583), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((24,18),dotstyle);  label("$A'$", (24.154311337765787,18.342347305667463), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((24,2),dotstyle);  label("$C'$", (23.186175178070503,1.95574638045472), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((36,18),dotstyle);  label("$B'$", (36.13051420214449,18.342347305667463), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((21,-3),dotstyle);  label("$P$", (21.35747354309052,-3.458644734878156), NE * labelscalefactor);  dot((20,1),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  label("$D$", (20.13833911977053,1.2744653791876692), NE * labelscalefactor);  clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);   /* end of picture */ [/asy]

We first draw a diagram with the correct Cartesian coordinates and a center of rotation $P$. Note that $PC=PC'$ because $P$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $CC'$ (it must be equidistant from $C$ and $C'$ by properties of a rotation).

Since $AB$ is vertical while $A'B'$ is horizontal, we have that the angle of rotation must be $90^{\circ}$, and therefore $\angle P = 90^{\circ}$. Therefore, $CPC'$ is a 45-45-90 right triangle, and $CD=DP$.

We calculate $D$ to be $(20,1)$. Since we translate $4$ right and $1$ up to get from point $C$ to point $D$, we must translate $1$ right and $4$ down to get to point $P$. This gives us $P(21,-3)$. Our answer is then $90+21-3=\boxed{108}$. ~Lopkiloinm & samrocksnature

Solution 4

For the above reasons, the transformation is simply a $90^\circ$ rotation. Proceed with complex numbers on the points $C$ and $C'$. Let $(x, y)$ be the origin. Thus, $C \rightarrow (16-x)+(-y)i$ and $C' \rightarrow (24-x)+(2-y)i$. The transformation from $C'$ to $C$ is a multiplication of $i$, which yields $(16-x)+(-y)i=(y-2)+(24-x)i$. Equating the real and complex terms results in the equations $16-x=y-2$ and $-y=24-x$. Solving, $(x, y) : (21, -3) \rightarrow 90+21-3=\boxed{108}$

~beastgert

Solution 5

We know that the rotation point $P$ has to be equidistant from both $A$ and $A'$ so it has to lie on the line that is on the midpoint of the segment $AA'$ and also the line has to be perpendicular to $AA'$. Solving, we get the line is $y=\frac{-4}{3}x+25$. Doing the same for $B$ and $B'$, we get that $y=-6x+123$. Since the point $P$ of rotation must lie on both of these lines, we set them equal, solve and get: $x=21$,$y=-3$. We can also easily see that the degree of rotation is $90$ since $AB$ is initially vertical, and now it is horizontal. Also, we can just sketch this on a coordinate plane and easily realize the same. Hence, the answer is $21-3+90 = \boxed{108}$

Video Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJkNkSAmqhg

~North America Math Contest Go Go Go


Video Solution

https://youtu.be/atqPgGG0Ekk

~IceMatrix

Solution 6

2020 AIME II 4.png

We make transformation of line $AB$ into line $A'B'$ using axes symmetry. Point $D(0,18)$ is the crosspoint of this lines. Equation of line $DO$ is \[x + y = 18.\] $\triangle ABC$ maps into $\triangle A''B''C''$ where \[A''(18,18), B''(6,18), C''(18,2).\]

We make transform of the line $A''C''$ into line $A'C'$ using axes symmetry with respect to line \[x  = \frac {A'' + A'}{2} = \frac {24 + 18}{2} = 21.\] The composition of two axial symmetries is a rotation through an angle twice as large as the angle between the axes $(45^o)$ around the point of their intersection $O(21, – 3).$ \[m + x + y = 90 + 21 – 3 = \boxed {108}\].

Shelomovskii, vvsss, www.deoma-cmd.ru

See Also

2020 AIME II (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 3
Followed by
Problem 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png