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2020 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 20

Revision as of 13:52, 30 January 2021 by Sosiaops (talk | contribs) (Fixed some LaTeX)

Problem

Let $B$ be a right rectangular prism (box) with edges lengths $1,$ $3,$ and $4$, together with its interior. For real $r\geq0$, let $S(r)$ be the set of points in $3$-dimensional space that lie within a distance $r$ of some point in $B$. The volume of $S(r)$ can be expressed as $ar^{3} + br^{2} + cr +d$, where $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ and $d$ are positive real numbers. What is $\frac{bc}{ad}?$

$\textbf{(A) } 6 \qquad\textbf{(B) } 19 \qquad\textbf{(C) } 24 \qquad\textbf{(D) } 26 \qquad\textbf{(E) } 38$

Solution

Split $S(r)$ into 4 regions:

1. The rectangular prism itself

2. The extensions of the faces of $B$

3. The quarter cylinders at each edge of $B$

4. The one-eighth spheres at each corner of $B$

Region 1: The volume of $B$ is 12, so $d=12$

Region 2: The volume is equal to the surface area of $B$ times $r$. The surface area can be computed to be $2(4\cdot3 + 3\cdot1 + 4\cdot1) = 38$, so $c=38$.

Region 3: The volume of each quarter cylinder is equal to $(\pi\cdotr^2\cdoth)/4$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg). The sum of all such cylinders must equal $(\pi\cdotr^2)/4$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg) times the sum of the edge lengths. This can be computed as $4(4+3+1) = 32$, so the sum of the volumes of the quarter cylinders is $8\pi\cdotr^2$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg), so $b=8\pi$

Region 4: There is an eighth of a sphere of radius $r$ at each corner. Since there are 8 corners, these add up to one full sphere of radius $r$. The volume of this sphere is $\frac{4}{3}\pi\cdotr^3$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg), so $a=\frac{4\pi}{3}$.

Using these values, $\frac{(8\pi)(38)}{(4\pi/3)(12)} = \boxed{\textbf{(B) }19}$

~DrJoyo

Video Solution 1

https://youtu.be/3BvJeZU3T-M

~IceMatrix

Video Solution 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAZTdSecBvs ~ MathEx

See Also

2020 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 19 		Followed by
Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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