2021 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 15

Revision as of 00:20, 12 February 2021 by Ike.chen (talk | contribs) (Solution)

Problem

Values for $A,B,C,$ and $D$ are to be selected from $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$ without replacement (i.e. no two letters have the same value). How many ways are there to make such choices so that the two curves $y=Ax^2+B$ and $y=Cx^2+D$ intersect? (The order in which the curves are listed does not matter; for example, the choices $A=3, B=2, C=4, D=1$ is considered the same as the choices $A=4, B=1, C=3, D=2.$)

$\textbf{(A) }30 \qquad \textbf{(B) }60 \qquad \textbf{(C) }90 \qquad \textbf{(D) }180 \qquad \textbf{(E) }360$

Solution 1 (Intuition):

Visualizing the two curves, we realize they are both parabolas with the same axis of symmetry. Now assume that the first equation is above the second, since order doesn't matter. Then $C>A$ and $B>D$. Therefore the number of ways to choose the four integers is $\tbinom{6}{2}\tbinom{4}{2}=90$, and the answer is $\boxed{C}$. ~IceWolf10

Solution 2 (Algebra):

Setting $y = Ax^2+B = Cx^2+D$, we find that $Ax^2-Cx^2 = x^2(A-C) = D-B$, so $x^2 = \frac {D-B}{A-C} \ge 0$ by the trivial inequality. This implies that $D-B$ and $A-C$ must both be positive or negative. If two distinct values are chosen for $(A, C)$ and $(B, D)$ respectively, there are $2$ ways to order them so that both the numerator and denominator are positive/negative (increasing and decreasing). Note that we must divide by $2$ at the end, however, since the $2$ curves aren't considered distinct. Calculating, we get \[\frac {1}{2} \cdot \binom {6}{2} \binom {4}{2} \cdot 2 = 90 = \boxed{C}.\] ~ ike.chen

Video Solution (Using Vieta's Formulas and clever combinatorics)

https://youtu.be/l85Qah1vGgc

~ pi_is_3.14

See also

2021 AMC 10A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 14
Followed by
Problem 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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