Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 9"

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{{duplicate|[[2021 AMC 10A Problems#Problem 10|2021 AMC 10A #10]] and [[2021 AMC 12A Problems#Problem 9|2021 AMC 12A #9]]}}
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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
 
Which of the following is equivalent to
 
Which of the following is equivalent to
 
<cmath>(2+3)(2^2+3^2)(2^4+3^4)(2^8+3^8)(2^{16}+3^{16})(2^{32}+3^{32})(2^{64}+3^{64})?</cmath>
 
<cmath>(2+3)(2^2+3^2)(2^4+3^4)(2^8+3^8)(2^{16}+3^{16})(2^{32}+3^{32})(2^{64}+3^{64})?</cmath>
<math>\textbf{(A)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} \qquad\textbf{(B)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} + 2 \cdot 3^{63} + 3 \cdot 2^{63} \qquad\textbf{(C)} ~3^{128}-2^{128} \qquad\textbf{(D)} ~3^{128} + 3^{128} \qquad\textbf{(E)} ~5^{127}</math>
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<math>\textbf{(A)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} \qquad\textbf{(B)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} + 2 \cdot 3^{63} + 3 \cdot 2^{63} \qquad\textbf{(C)} ~3^{128}-2^{128} \qquad\textbf{(D)} ~3^{128} + 2^{128} \qquad\textbf{(E)} ~5^{127}</math>
  
 
==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
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<math>(2 + 3) = 5</math>, and <math>(2^2 + 3^2) = 13</math>. We can then use Fermat's Little Theorem for <math>p = 5, 13</math> on the answer choices to determine which of the answer choices are divisible by both <math>5</math> and <math>13</math>. This is <math>\boxed{C}</math>.
 
<math>(2 + 3) = 5</math>, and <math>(2^2 + 3^2) = 13</math>. We can then use Fermat's Little Theorem for <math>p = 5, 13</math> on the answer choices to determine which of the answer choices are divisible by both <math>5</math> and <math>13</math>. This is <math>\boxed{C}</math>.
  
-MEWTO
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-mewto
  
 
==Solution 3==
 
==Solution 3==
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== Solution 4 (Engineer's Induction) ==
 
== Solution 4 (Engineer's Induction) ==
We can compute some of the first few partial products, and notice that <math>\prod_{k = 0}^{2^n} (2^{2^n}+3^{2^n}) = 3^{2^{n+1}} - 2^{2^{n+1}}</math>. As we don't have to prove this, we get the product is <math>3^{2^7} - 2^{2^7} = 3^{128} - 2^{128}</math>, and smugly click <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C)} 3^{128} - 2^{128}}</math>.
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We can compute some of the first few partial products, and notice that <math>\prod_{k = 0}^{2^n} (2^{2^n}+3^{2^n}) = 3^{2^{n+1}} - 2^{2^{n+1}}</math>. As we don't have to prove this, we get the product is <math>3^{2^7} - 2^{2^7} = 3^{128} - 2^{128}</math>, and smugly click <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C)} ~3^{128} - 2^{128}}</math>. ~rocketsri
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==Video Solution by Aaron He==
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTGDKBthWsw&t=9m30s
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==Video Solution(Conjugation, Difference of Squares)==
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXaIyeMF7Qo&list=PLexHyfQ8DMuKqltG3cHT7Di4jhVl6L4YJ&index=9
  
 
==Video Solution by Hawk Math==
 
==Video Solution by Hawk Math==
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~ pi_is_3.14
 
~ pi_is_3.14
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==Video Solution (Quick and Simple)==
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https://youtu.be/Pm3euI3jyDk
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~ Education, the Study of Everything
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==Video Solution 6==
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https://youtu.be/-MJXKZowfO0
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~savannahsolver
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==Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath==
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https://youtu.be/s6E4E06XhPU?t=771 (for AMC 10A)
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https://youtu.be/cckGBU2x1zg?t=548 (for AMC 12A)
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~IceMatrix
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Revision as of 17:44, 25 February 2021

The following problem is from both the 2021 AMC 10A #10 and 2021 AMC 12A #9, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Which of the following is equivalent to \[(2+3)(2^2+3^2)(2^4+3^4)(2^8+3^8)(2^{16}+3^{16})(2^{32}+3^{32})(2^{64}+3^{64})?\] $\textbf{(A)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} \qquad\textbf{(B)} ~3^{127} + 2^{127} + 2 \cdot 3^{63} + 3 \cdot 2^{63} \qquad\textbf{(C)} ~3^{128}-2^{128} \qquad\textbf{(D)} ~3^{128} + 2^{128} \qquad\textbf{(E)} ~5^{127}$

Solution 1

All you need to do is multiply the entire equation by $(3-2)$. Then all the terms will easily simplify by difference of squares and you will get $3^{128}-2^{128}$ or $\boxed{C}$ as your final answer. Notice you don't need to worry about $3-2$ because that's equal to $1$.

-Lemonie

Solution 2

If you weren't able to come up with the $(3 - 2)$ insight, then you could just notice that the answer is divisible by $(2 + 3) = 5$, and $(2^2 + 3^2) = 13$. We can then use Fermat's Little Theorem for $p = 5, 13$ on the answer choices to determine which of the answer choices are divisible by both $5$ and $13$. This is $\boxed{C}$.

-mewto

Solution 3

After expanding the first few terms, the result after each term appears to be $2^{2^n-1} + 2^{2^n-2}\cdot{3^1} + 2^{2^n-3}\cdot{3^2} + ... + 2^1\cdot{3^{2^n-2}} + 3^{2^n-1}$ where n is the number of terms expanded. We can prove this using mathematical induction. The base step is trivial. When expanding another term, all of the previous terms multiplied by $2^{2^{n-1}}$ would give $2^{2^n-1} + 2^{2^n-2}\cdot{3^1} + 2^{2^n-3}\cdot{3^2} + ... + 2^{2^{n-1}+1}\cdot{3^{2^{n-1}-1}} + 2^{2^{n-1}}\cdot{3^{2^{n-1}}}$, and all the previous terms multiplied by $3^{2^{n-1}}$ would give $3^{2^n-1} + 3^{2^n-2}\cdot{2^1} + 3^{2^n-3}\cdot{2^2} + ... + 3^{2^{n-1}+1}\cdot{2^{2^{n-1}-1}} + 3^{2^{n-1}}\cdot{2^{2^{n-1}}}$. Their sum is equal to $2^{2^n-1} + 2^{2^n-2}\cdot{3^1} + 2^{2^n-3}\cdot{3^2} + ... + 2^1\cdot{3^{2^n-2}} + 3^{2^n-1}$, so the proof is complete. Since $\frac{3^{2^n}-2^{2^n}}{3-2}$ is equal to $2^{2^n-1} + 2^{2^n-2}\cdot{3^1} + 2^{2^n-3}\cdot{3^2} + ... + 2^1\cdot{3^{2^n-2}} + 3^{2^n-1}$, the answer is $\frac{3^{2^7}-2^{2^7}}{3-2}=\boxed{C}$.

-SmileKat32

Solution 4 (Engineer's Induction)

We can compute some of the first few partial products, and notice that $\prod_{k = 0}^{2^n} (2^{2^n}+3^{2^n}) = 3^{2^{n+1}} - 2^{2^{n+1}}$. As we don't have to prove this, we get the product is $3^{2^7} - 2^{2^7} = 3^{128} - 2^{128}$, and smugly click $\boxed{\textbf{(C)} ~3^{128} - 2^{128}}$. ~rocketsri


Video Solution by Aaron He

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTGDKBthWsw&t=9m30s

Video Solution(Conjugation, Difference of Squares)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXaIyeMF7Qo&list=PLexHyfQ8DMuKqltG3cHT7Di4jhVl6L4YJ&index=9

Video Solution by Hawk Math

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5al76DxyHY

Video Solution by OmegaLearn(Factorizations/Telescoping& Meta-solving)

https://youtu.be/H34IFMlq7Lk

~ pi_is_3.14

Video Solution (Quick and Simple)

https://youtu.be/Pm3euI3jyDk

~ Education, the Study of Everything

Video Solution 6

https://youtu.be/-MJXKZowfO0

~savannahsolver

Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath

https://youtu.be/s6E4E06XhPU?t=771 (for AMC 10A)

https://youtu.be/cckGBU2x1zg?t=548 (for AMC 12A)

~IceMatrix

See also

2021 AMC 10A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 9
Followed by
Problem 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions
2021 AMC 12A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 8
Followed by
Problem 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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