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Difference between revisions of "2021 Fall AMC 12B Problems/Problem 15"
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Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length <math>6</math> are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise <math>30^\circ</math> about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise <math>60^\circ</math> about its center, resulting in the <math>24</math>-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form <math>a-b\sqrt{c}</math>, where <math>a</math>, <math>b</math>, and <math>c</math> are positive integers, and <math>c</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>a+b+c</math>?
 
Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length <math>6</math> are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise <math>30^\circ</math> about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise <math>60^\circ</math> about its center, resulting in the <math>24</math>-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form <math>a-b\sqrt{c}</math>, where <math>a</math>, <math>b</math>, and <math>c</math> are positive integers, and <math>c</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>a+b+c</math>?
  
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<math>(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147</math>
 
<math>(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147</math>

Revision as of 21:45, 27 January 2022

Problem

Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length $6$ are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise $30^\circ$ about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise $60^\circ$ about its center, resulting in the $24$-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form $a-b\sqrt{c}$, where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are positive integers, and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is $a+b+c$?


$(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147$

Solution 1

[asy] pair A=(0,0); pair B=(1.732,3); pair C=(3,3); pair D=(3,1.732); draw(A--(0,3)--C--(3,0)--A, lightgray); draw(A--B--C--D--A); label("A",A,W); label("B",B,N); label("C",C,N); label("D",D,E); label("E",(0,3),W); label("F",(3,0),E); [/asy] We can see that this shape is made out of $12$ of these shapes. $\angle{EAB} = 30^{\circ}$ and $\angle{CAF} = 30^{\circ}$ because $360^{\circ}/12=30^{\circ}$. We also know that there is a square $AECF$ and two triangles $AEB$ and $ADF$. With these triangles and squares we find the area of one of these shapes to be $9-3\sqrt{3}$. The area of the big shape is then $12(9-3\sqrt{3})=108-36\sqrt{3}$. $108+36+3=\boxed{(\textbf{E})\ 147}$ ~lopkiloinm

Solution 2

As shown in Image:2021_AMC_12B_(Nov)_Problem_15,_sol.png, all 12 vertices of three squares form a regular dodecagon (12-gon). Denote by $O$ the center of this dodecagon.

Hence, $\angle AOB = \frac{360^\circ}{12} = 30^\circ$.

Because the length of a side of a square is 6, $AO = 3 \sqrt{2}$.

Hence, $AB = 2 AO \sin \frac{\angle AOB}{2} = 3 \left( \sqrt{3} - 1 \right)$.

We notice that $\angle MAB = \angle MBA = 30^\circ$. Hence, $AM = \frac{AB}{2\cos \angle MAB} = 3 - \sqrt{3}$.

Therefore, the area of the region that three squares cover is \begin{align*} & {\rm Area} \ ABCDEFGHIJKL - 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle MAB \\ & = 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle OAB - 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle MAB \\ & = 12 \cdot \frac{1}{2} OA \cdot OB \sin \angle AOB - 12 \cdot \frac{1}{2} MA \cdot MB \sin \angle AMB \\ & = 6 OA^2 \sin \angle AOB - 6 MA^2 \sin \angle AMB \\ & = 108 - 36 \sqrt{3} . \end{align*}

Therefore, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(E) }147}$.

~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)

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