Difference between revisions of "Asymptote: 3D graphics"

(Other 3D Modules)
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</code>
 
</code>
  
then change from using doubles eg. (x,y) to using triples eg. (x,y,z) as coordinates. Some functions do not work when three is active. For example: In order to fill a surface one must define a surface and draw that. instead of using <tt>[[asymptote: Filling|filldraw]]</tt>. This is also described <url>http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=519&t=399845 here</url>.
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then change from using doubles eg. (x,y) to using triples eg. (x,y,z) as coordinates. Some functions do not work when three is active. For example: To fill a surface, one must define a surface and draw that, instead of using <tt>[[asymptote: Filling|filldraw]]</tt>. This is also described at http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=519&t=399845.
  
 
===Data types===
 
===Data types===
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draw(unitcube,green);
 
draw(unitcube,green);
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
 +
Transforms also work
 +
<pre><nowiki>
 +
draw(shift(2,3,4)*scale(5,20,7)*unitcone,paleblue);
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
<asy>
 +
import three;
 +
draw(shift(2,3,4)*scale(5,20,7)*unitcone,paleblue);</asy>
  
 
==Projection==
 
==Projection==
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currentprojection=orthographic(x,y,z);
 
currentprojection=orthographic(x,y,z);
 
</code>
 
</code>
To change current the view.
+
to change the current view.
 
<code>
 
<code>
 
currentprojection=perspective(x,y,z);
 
currentprojection=perspective(x,y,z);
 
</code>
 
</code>
Does the same thing, but is distorts the picture to imitate actual perspective.
+
does the same thing, but it distorts the picture to imitate actual perspective.
  
 
'''Example:'''
 
'''Example:'''
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<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
import three;
 
import three;
/* perspective line /*
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/* perspective line */
 
draw(unitcube,palegrey);
 
draw(unitcube,palegrey);
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
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'''Note:''' When current projection is not given, <tt>three</tt> tries to find the "best" view.
 
'''Note:''' When current projection is not given, <tt>three</tt> tries to find the "best" view.
 +
 
==Interactive Projection==
 
==Interactive Projection==
 
When using Asymptote on your computer (not on AoPS), you can add some code that lets you rotate/pan/zoom with the mouse.
 
When using Asymptote on your computer (not on AoPS), you can add some code that lets you rotate/pan/zoom with the mouse.
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label("$y=1$",(1,1,0.5),E);
 
label("$y=1$",(1,1,0.5),E);
 
label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE);
 
label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE);
label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);[/asy]
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label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
Which renders to
 
Which renders to
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label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE);
 
label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE);
 
label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);</asy>
 
label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);</asy>
See also:
 
  
* http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=1074625&#p1074625
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For other examples, see [[Platonic solids]] and [[2000 AMC 12 Problems/Problem 25]].
  
 
==Other 3D Modules==
 
==Other 3D Modules==

Revision as of 18:58, 7 August 2020

Asymptote (Vector Graphics Language)
Getting Started - Basics - Drawing - Labeling - Filling - Useful functions - Examples - Macros and Packages

Help - Reference - Advanced Asymptote - 3D Graphics - CSE5 Package - How to


Three

Three is a module in Asymptote that allows the user to create three dimensional graphics. Usually all you must do is import three, import three;

then change from using doubles eg. (x,y) to using triples eg. (x,y,z) as coordinates. Some functions do not work when three is active. For example: To fill a surface, one must define a surface and draw that, instead of using filldraw. This is also described at http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=519&t=399845.

Data types

three defines the data types:

  • path3, (3D version of path)
  • guide3, (3D version of guide)
  • and surface (a surface bounded by a path(3))

and other, less important ones.

Definitions

three defines the surfaces:

  • unitcube
  • unitsphere
  • unitdisk
  • unitplane
  • unitcylinder
  • unitcone
  • unitsolidcone
  • and unithemisphere.

These can be drawn like you would normally draw an object in 2D

draw(unitcube,green);

Transforms also work

draw(shift(2,3,4)*scale(5,20,7)*unitcone,paleblue);

[asy] import three; draw(shift(2,3,4)*scale(5,20,7)*unitcone,paleblue);[/asy]

Projection

You can use currentprojection=orthographic(x,y,z); to change the current view. currentprojection=perspective(x,y,z); does the same thing, but it distorts the picture to imitate actual perspective.

Example:

base code:

import three;
/* perspective line */
draw(unitcube,palegrey);

Using currentprojection=orthographic(1,1/2,1/2); We get a unit cube as: [asy] import three; currentprojection=orthographic(1,1/2,1/2);  draw(unitcube,palegrey); [/asy] Using currentprojection=perspective(1,1/2,1/2); We get a unit cube as: [asy] import three; currentprojection=perspective(1,1/2,1/2);  draw(unitcube,palegrey); [/asy]

Note: When current projection is not given, three tries to find the "best" view.

Interactive Projection

When using Asymptote on your computer (not on AoPS), you can add some code that lets you rotate/pan/zoom with the mouse.

import settings;
leftbutton=new string[] {"rotate","zoom","shift","pan"};
middlebutton=new string[] {"menu"};
rightbutton=new string[] {"zoom/menu","rotateX","rotateY","rotateZ"};
wheelup=new string[] {"zoomin"};
wheeldown=new string[] {"zoomout"};

When compiling to PDF, it will allow you to rotate/pan/zoom with the mouse.

Arrows and bars

Arrows and bars in 3D are the same as in 2D except you add a 3 to the end of the name. Example.

import three;
draw((0,0,0)--(1,1,1),green,Arrows3);
draw((0,1,0)--(1,0,1),blue,Bars3);

[asy] import three; draw((0,0,0)--(1,1,1),green,Arrows3); draw((0,1,0)--(1,0,1),blue,Bars3); [/asy]

Examples

import three;
unitsize(1cm);
size(200);
currentprojection=perspective(1/3,-1,1/2);
draw((0,0,0)--(1,0,0)--(1,1,0)--(0,1,0)--cycle,red);
draw((0,0,0)--(0,0,1),red);
draw((0,1,0)--(0,1,1),red);
draw((1,1,0)--(1,1,1),red);
draw((1,0,0)--(1,0,1),red);
draw((0,0,1)--(1,0,1)--(1,1,1)--(0,1,1)--cycle,red);
draw((0,0,0)--(1,0,0)--(1,1,0)--cycle,red);
draw((0,0,0)--(1,1,0)--(1,1,1)--cycle,blue);
label("$o$",(0,0,0),NW);
label("$x=1$",(0.5,0,0),S);
label("$y=1$",(1,1,0.5),E);
label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE);
label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);

Which renders to [asy] import three; unitsize(1cm); size(200); currentprojection=orthographic(1/3,-1,1/2); draw((0,0,0)--(1,0,0)--(1,1,0)--(0,1,0)--cycle,red); draw((0,0,0)--(0,0,1),red); draw((0,1,0)--(0,1,1),red); draw((1,1,0)--(1,1,1),red); draw((1,0,0)--(1,0,1),red); draw((0,0,1)--(1,0,1)--(1,1,1)--(0,1,1)--cycle,red); draw((0,0,0)--(1,0,0)--(1,1,0)--cycle,red); draw((0,0,0)--(1,1,0)--(1,1,1)--cycle,blue); label("$o$",(0,0,0),NW); label("$x=1$",(0.5,0,0),S); label("$y=1$",(1,1,0.5),E); label("$z=1$",(1,0.5,0),SE); label("$c$",(0.5,0.5,0.5),N);[/asy]

For other examples, see Platonic solids and 2000 AMC 12 Problems/Problem 25.

Other 3D Modules

Other modules in Asymptote that are for 3D are:

  • graph3
  • grid3
  • contour3
  • and solids.