Difference between revisions of "Euler's Totient Theorem"
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| − | '''Euler's Totient Theorem''' is a theorem closely related to his [[totient function | + | '''Euler's Totient Theorem''' is a theorem closely related to his [[totient function]]. |
== Theorem == | == Theorem == | ||
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== Credit == | == Credit == | ||
| − | This theorem is credited to [[Leonhard Euler]]. It is a generalization of [[Fermat's Little Theorem]], which specifies that <math>{m}</math> is prime. For this reason it is known as Euler's generalization | + | This theorem is credited to [[Leonhard Euler]]. It is a generalization of [[Fermat's Little Theorem]], which specifies that <math>{m}</math> is prime. For this reason it is also known as Euler's generalization or the Fermat-Euler theorem. |
==Proof== | ==Proof== | ||
| − | Consider the set of numbers <math>A = </math>{<math>n_1, n_2, ... n_{\phi(m)} </math>} (mod m) such that the elements of the [[set]] are the numbers relatively [[prime]] to each other. It will now be proved that this set is the same as the set <math>B = </math>{<math>an_1, an_2, ... an_{\phi(m)} </math>} (mod m) where <math> (a, m) = 1</math>. All elements of <math>B</math> are relatively prime to <math>m</math> so if all elements of <math>B</math> are distinct, then <math>B</math> has the same elements as <math>A</math>. This means that <math> n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)} \equiv an_1 \cdot an_2 ... an_{\phi(m)}</math>(mod m) => <math>a^{\phi (m)} \cdot (n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)}) \equiv n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)}</math> (mod m) => <math>a^{\phi (m)} \equiv 1</math> (mod m) as desired. | + | Consider the set of numbers <math>A = </math>{<math>n_1, n_2, ... n_{\phi(m)} </math>} (mod m) such that the elements of the [[set]] are the numbers relatively [[prime]] to each other. |
| + | It will now be proved that this set is the same as the set <math>B = </math>{<math>an_1, an_2, ... an_{\phi(m)} </math>} (mod m) where <math> (a, m) = 1</math>. All elements of <math>B</math> are relatively prime to <math>m</math> so if all elements of <math>B</math> are distinct, then <math>B</math> has the same elements as <math>A</math>. This means that <math> n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)} \equiv an_1 \cdot an_2 ... an_{\phi(m)}</math>(mod m) => <math>a^{\phi (m)} \cdot (n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)}) \equiv n_1 n_2 ... n_{\phi(m)}</math> (mod m) => <math>a^{\phi (m)} \equiv 1</math> (mod m) as desired. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 12:12, 6 August 2013
Euler's Totient Theorem is a theorem closely related to his totient function.
Contents
Theorem
Let 
be Euler's totient function. If 
is an integer and 
is a positive integer relatively prime to 
, then 
.
Credit
This theorem is credited to Leonhard Euler. It is a generalization of Fermat's Little Theorem, which specifies that 
is prime. For this reason it is also known as Euler's generalization or the Fermat-Euler theorem.
Proof
Consider the set of numbers 
{
} (mod m) such that the elements of the set are the numbers relatively prime to each other.
It will now be proved that this set is the same as the set 
{
} (mod m) where 
. All elements of 
are relatively prime to so if all elements of are distinct, then has the same elements as 
. This means that 
(mod m) => 
(mod m) => 
(mod m) as desired.
