Multigraph

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A multigraph is a graph in which we allow multiple edges between two fixed vertices. Formally, a multigraph $M$ is a pair $M = (V, E)$ where $V$ is a (usually finite) set of vertices and $E$ is a (also usually finite) multiset of pairs of elements of $V$. Frequently in the context of multigraphs one considers graphs where loops are allowed, i.e. $E$ is allowed to contain (possibly several copies of) the pair $\{v, v\}$ for some $v \in V$.


Generalizations

Multigraphs may be thought of as special cases of (edge-)weighted graphs, where the weight on each edge is the multiplicity of the edge in $E$. In this interpretation, multigraphs are exactly those weighted graphs for which each edge weight is a positive (or nonnegative) integer.


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