Time dilation

In special relativity, the time dilation that will be experienced can be expressed with the formula: $\dfrac{t_1}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}}=t_2$

where $t_1$ is the "proper" time experienced by the moving object.

$v$ is the relative velocity the ovject is moving to the observer.

$c$ is the speed of light; it can be simply expressed as 1, but then the velocity will have to be given in terms of $c$ .

$t_2$ is the time the events appear to occur, with the time dilation added.

This formula can be derived using a simple example. If there was a light clock that consisted of two mirrors with a light beam bouncing between them, the distance between the mirrors would be $ct_1$ . If, the clock was inside a moving vehicle, than the distance the clock travels would equal $vt_2$ . Finally, to an observer of the light clock, the light beam, instead of bouncing up and down, would move diagonally. The distance it appears to travel is $ct_2$ . This forms a triangle, and using the Pythagorean theorem, it would obtain: