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k a June Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Jun 2, 2025
Congratulations to all the mathletes who competed at National MATHCOUNTS! If you missed the exciting Countdown Round, you can watch the video at this link. Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS or AMC 10 contests? How would you like to train for these math competitions in half the time? We have accelerated sections which meet twice per week instead of once starting on July 8th (7:30pm ET). These sections fill quickly so enroll today!

[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
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[*]AMC 10 Problem Series[/list]
For those interested in Olympiad level training in math, computer science, physics, and chemistry, be sure to enroll in our WOOT courses before August 19th to take advantage of early bird pricing!

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0 replies
jlacosta
Jun 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Funny polynomial
GreekIdiot   1
N 9 minutes ago by alexheinis
Source: own
Let $P \in \mathbb Z[x]$ be a nonconstant polynomial such that $P(1)$ and $P(2026)$ are both odd numbers. Prove that $P(x)$ has no factor of the form $x-q$ where $q \in \mathbb Q$ is an arbitrary rational number.
1 reply
+1 w
GreekIdiot
Yesterday at 7:23 PM
alexheinis
9 minutes ago
Larange polynomial
m4thbl3nd3r   0
37 minutes ago
For each prime number $p$, define $$f(x)=(x+1)(x+2)...(x+p-1).$$Assume that, when fully expanded, we have $$f(x)=x^{p-1}+a_{p-2}x^{p-2}+...+a_1x+(p-1)!.$$Prove that $p^2\mid a_1$.
0 replies
m4thbl3nd3r
37 minutes ago
0 replies
Number Theory Marahon
Jupiterballs   1
N an hour ago by Pal702004
Let's start a number theory marathon
Rules:-
just don't post >2 problems before a solution and be friendly :)

I'll start
P1
1 reply
Jupiterballs
Yesterday at 6:38 AM
Pal702004
an hour ago
Geo monster
AlephG_64   2
N an hour ago by axolotlx7
Source: 3rd AGO - IMO/RMM category - day 1 - P3
Let $\Omega$ be the circumcircle and $\omega$ the incircle of an acute scalene triangle $\triangle ABC$ with incenter $I$. Let the reflection of $BC$ over $I$ hit $AB,AC, \omega$ at $X,Y,Z$ respectively. Let $AB,AC,BC$ touch $\omega$ at $F,E,D$ respectively and let $AZ$ hit $\Omega$ again at $W$. Suppose that $WX,WY,WD$ hit $\Omega$ again at $K,L,J$ respectively and $P,Q$ are points on $EF$ with $IP \perp AJ$ and $IQ \perp BC$.

Show that the radical axis of $(BXL), (CYK)$ contains the intersection of lines $BP$ and $CQ$.

Proposed by MathLuis
2 replies
AlephG_64
Yesterday at 8:51 AM
axolotlx7
an hour ago
A problem with non-negative a,b,c
KhuongTrang   3
N an hour ago by nguyentlauv
Source: own
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $ab+bc+ca\neq 0.$ Prove that$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{8a^{2}+\left(b-c\right)^{2}}{\left(b+c\right)^{2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{8b^{2}+\left(c-a\right)^{2}}{\left(c+a\right)^{2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{8c^{2}+\left(a-b\right)^{2}}{\left(a+b\right)^{2}}}\ge \sqrt{\frac{18(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})}{ab+bc+ca}}.}$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,0)$ where $t>0.$
3 replies
KhuongTrang
Mar 4, 2025
nguyentlauv
an hour ago
Two-variable functional system
Phorphyrion   2
N an hour ago by Phorphyrion
Source: 2025 Israel Olympic Revenge P2
Find all functions $f\colon \mathbb{R}^+\times \mathbb{R}^+\to \mathbb{R}^+$ so that, for all $x,y,z,t>0$,
\[f(x+y, z+t)\leq f(z,x)+f(t,y)\]and
\[f\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{y}{x}\right)(x+y-f(y,x))=f(x,y)\]
2 replies
Phorphyrion
Yesterday at 11:20 AM
Phorphyrion
an hour ago
Function Equation
MathsII-enjoy   1
N an hour ago by youochange
Find all function $f: \mathbb{R^+} \to \mathbb{R^+}$ such that for all $x, y\in\mathbb{R^+}$: $$f(2y+f(xy))+2x=f(x).f(y)$$
1 reply
MathsII-enjoy
Today at 3:00 AM
youochange
an hour ago
Inequality in MO
Oksutok   3
N 2 hours ago by EthanWYX2009
Source: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/487842/how-to-prove-sum-i-j-1n-fraca-ia-j1i-j-ge-c-cdot-frac-lnn
if $a_i \ge 0$($i=1,2,...,n$),and such $a_{1}+a_{2}+...+a_{n}=1$. Show that:there exist positive constant $C$, such for any positive integer $n$ have
$\sum_{i,j=1}^{n}\frac{a_{i}a_{j}}{1+|i-j|}\ge C\frac{\ln{n}}{n}$.
3 replies
Oksutok
Sunday at 2:00 PM
EthanWYX2009
2 hours ago
A cyclic inequality
Nguyenhuyen_AG   1
N 2 hours ago by DKI
Let $a, \, b, \, c$ are non-negative real numbers. Prove that
\[\frac{a(b+9c)}{(b+c)^2}+\frac{b(c+9a)}{(c+a)^2}+\frac{c(a+9b)}{(a+b)^2} \geqslant 6.\]The equality holds for $a=3b,\,c=0$ (or cyclic permutation).
hide
1 reply
Nguyenhuyen_AG
3 hours ago
DKI
2 hours ago
Non-homogeneous inequality (3)
Nguyenhuyen_AG   2
N 3 hours ago by DKI
Let $x,\,y,\,z$ are real numbers. Prove that
\[4(2+xyz-x-y-z)+(x^2+y^2+z^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2-2) \geqslant 0.\]hide
2 replies
Nguyenhuyen_AG
Jun 20, 2025
DKI
3 hours ago
[ELMO3] EX is tangent to omega
v_Enhance   39
N 3 hours ago by oolite
Source: ELMO 2015, Problem 3 (Shortlist G3)
Let $\omega$ be a circle and $C$ a point outside it; distinct points $A$ and $B$ are selected on $\omega$ so that $\overline{CA}$ and $\overline{CB}$ are tangent to $\omega$. Let $X$ be the reflection of $A$ across the point $B$, and denote by $\gamma$ the circumcircle of triangle $BXC$. Suppose $\gamma$ and $\omega$ meet at $D \neq B$ and line $CD$ intersects $\omega$ at $E \neq D$. Prove that line $EX$ is tangent to the circle $\gamma$.

Proposed by David Stoner
39 replies
v_Enhance
Jun 27, 2015
oolite
3 hours ago
A midpoint
jayme   5
N 3 hours ago by jayme
Dear Mathlinkers,

1. ABC un triangle
2. (O), (I), (Oa) the circumcircle, incircle, A-mixtilinear incircle
3. D, A* the point of contact of (I) and BC, (Oa) and (O)
4. X the point of intersection of the segment AD and (Oa)
5. Y the point of intersection of A*X and AI.

Prove : Y is the midpoint of the segment AI.

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
5 replies
jayme
Yesterday at 4:30 AM
jayme
3 hours ago
5-var inequality
sqing   3
N 3 hours ago by nexu
Source: Zhaobin
Let $ a,b,c,d,e>0 . $ Prove that$$\frac {a^2}{b} +\frac {b^2}{c} +\frac {c^2}{d} +\frac {d^2}{e} +\frac {e^2}{a}  \geq \sqrt{5(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+e^2)}$$
3 replies
sqing
Jun 18, 2025
nexu
3 hours ago
Maximum value
mathstudent5   2
N 3 hours ago by P162008
Suppose that $a,b,c,d$ are non-negative real numbers such that $a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=2$ and $ab+bc+cd+da=1$. Find the maximum value of $a+b+c+d$ and determine all equality cases.
2 replies
mathstudent5
Jun 26, 2023
P162008
3 hours ago
Folding...
Rushil   16
N Jun 12, 2025 by frost23
Source: RMO 1990 Problem 3
A square sheet of paper $ABCD$ is so folded that $B$ falls on the mid point of $M$ of $CD$. Prove that the crease will divide $BC$ in the ration $5 : 3$.
16 replies
Rushil
Oct 14, 2005
frost23
Jun 12, 2025
Source: RMO 1990 Problem 3
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Rushil
1592 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
A square sheet of paper $ABCD$ is so folded that $B$ falls on the mid point of $M$ of $CD$. Prove that the crease will divide $BC$ in the ration $5 : 3$.
Z K Y
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frt
1294 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by smo, Adventure10
Let $AE$ be the crease, where $E$ is the point on $BC$. Let $F$ be the midpoint of $CD$.

Let $x=BE(=EF)$ and $y=BC$. Then we have $EC=y-x$.
Also, $BC=\frac{1}{2}CD=\frac{1}{2}BC=\frac{y}{2}$

Using Pythagorean Theorem to $\triangle ECF$,

$(y-x)^2+\left(\frac{y}{2}\right)^2=x^2$
$\Longleftrightarrow y^2-2xy+x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}=x^2$
$\Longleftrightarrow 2xy=\frac{5y^2}{4}$
$\Longleftrightarrow x=\frac{5y}{8}$

$\therefore EC=y-x=\frac{3y}{8}$

Thus, $BE: EC=5: 3$
Z K Y
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Virgil Nicula
7054 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Very nice problems in this fresh section ! Congratulations, Vornicu, for the your initiative.

The "my" solution.

I suppose w.l.o.g. that $AB=2$. I note the middlepoint $M$
of the side $CD$ and the point $N\in (BC)$ which belongs to the crease. Thus,
$BN=MN=x,\ CN=2-x,\ CM=1,\ MN^2=CN^2+CM^2$
$\Longrightarrow x^2=(2-x)^2+1\Longrightarrow x=\frac 54$, i.e. $\frac{NB}{NC}=\frac{x}{2-x}=\frac{\frac 54}{2-\frac 54}=\frac 53.$

Remark 1. If the crease cuts the side $AD$ in the point $P$, then $\frac{PA}{PD}=\frac 18$. If I note the intersections $S\in AB\cap NP$, $R\in AD\cap MS$, then $\frac{SA}{AB}=\frac 16$, $\frac{RA}{RD}=\frac 13.$

Remark 2. This problem can be generalized to other quadrilaterals. I wish to see a extension of this problem to the rectangle, parallelogram deltoid, rhombus (and $\frac{MC}{MD}=r$) a.s.o.
Z K Y
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varun
270 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Adventure10, Mango247
Rushil wrote:
A square sheet of paper $ABCD$ is so folded that $B$ falls on the mid point of $M$ of $CD$. Prove that the crease will divide $BC$ in the ration $5 : 3$.

This problem can be solved easily with the help of a diagram.(Although I am not able to draw it for you but try it yourself.)
Z K Y
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murgi
113 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
[geogebra]54d49e6e43eead3a0ad7f05e07fe272ccef2bcf5[/geogebra]
A trigonometric short process is there......
taking tan of angle CBM in triangle BMC and then cos of angle CYM gives the result easily. :)
Z K Y
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Potla
1886 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I have found a solution to this problem long ago.
Click to reveal hidden text
PS
Z K Y
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tonotsukasa
12 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let A,B,C,D be A$(0,1)$, B$(0,0)$, C$(1,0)$, D$(1,1)$. Then, CD's middle point is M$\left(1,\frac{1}{2} \right)$,
and line BM is $y=\frac{x}{2}$. BM's middle point is N$\left( \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{4}\right)$.
The crease is a perpendicular bisector of BM, thus the crease is $y=-2\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=-2x+\frac{5}{4}$.
Thus, the crease cross the x-axis at $\left( \frac{5}{8},0\right)$, which divides BC in the ratio $5:3$.
Z K Y
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aayush-srivastava
137 posts
#8 • 3 Y
Y by Evan-Chen123, Adventure10, Mango247
barycentrics, cartesians, trig bash all works.. try anything.
(HINT:- for using cartesians prefer choosing C as the origin)
Z K Y
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jayme
9812 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Dear Mathlinkers,
another way is to use the pytagorician triple 3-4-5...

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
Z K Y
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
It's clear that $\Delta BMH$ is isosceles $\implies \boxed{BH=HM}$
Let, $$\angle HMC =x \implies \frac{1+\tan \tfrac{x}{2}}{1-\tan \tfrac{x}{2}}=2 \implies \boxed{\tan \frac{x}{2}=\frac{1}{3}}$$Therefore, $$\tan x =\frac{3}{4} \implies \text{ clearly } \sin x =\frac{3}{5}=\frac{HC}{HM}=\frac{HC}{BH} \implies \boxed{BH:HC=5:3}$$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by AlastorMoody, Nov 21, 2018, 9:43 AM
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AlastorMoody
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#11 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
A similar kind of problem appreared in V.A. Yasinsky Geometry Olympiad 2017 VIII-IX p1 [Ukranie], here,
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/u378952h1711824p11269422
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ythomashu
6322 posts
#12 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
This is just Haga's First Theorem
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jayme
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#13 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Dear Mathlinkers,

http://jl.ayme.pagesperso-orange.fr/Docs/Miniatures%20Geometriques%20addendum%20III.pdf p. 31

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
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Syngates
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#14
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Has no one used coordinate bash in this? I’m surprised
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Jupiterballs
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#15
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Call the line of reflection to be $KX$, where $x$ lies on $AD$,
Call the reflections of $A,B$ to be $A',B'$
Call $A'B' \cap AB = D$
Then, $\Delta A'XY$ ~ $\Delta B'DY$ ~ $\Delta CKB'$
Then by Pythagoras, it is trivial
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frost23
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#17
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Let ABCD be a square of side length 'a'
let TP be the line of crease where T lies on AB and P lies on BC
Hence PC=a-PM (i)
by using pythagorean theorem in $\triangle$ PMC
We have $CM^2+ PC^2=PM^2$
$\Longrightarrow$ $\frac{a^2}{4}+(a-PM)^2=PM^2$ from (i)
$\Longrightarrow$ $\frac{5a^2}{4}=2a.PM$
$\Longrightarrow$ $\frac{5a}{8}=PM$ (ii)
Now we have $\frac{PC}{PM}=\frac{a-PM}{PM}=\frac{a}{PM}-1=\frac{8a}{5a}-1=\frac{3}{5}$ HENCE PROVED
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frost23
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#18
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Virgil Nicula wrote:
Very nice problems in this fresh section ! Congratulations, Vornicu, for the your initiative.

The "my" solution.

I suppose w.l.o.g. that $AB=2$. I note the middlepoint $M$
of the side $CD$ and the point $N\in (BC)$ which belongs to the crease. Thus,
$BN=MN=x,\ CN=2-x,\ CM=1,\ MN^2=CN^2+CM^2$
$\Longrightarrow x^2=(2-x)^2+1\Longrightarrow x=\frac 54$, i.e. $\frac{NB}{NC}=\frac{x}{2-x}=\frac{\frac 54}{2-\frac 54}=\frac 53.$

Remark 1. If the crease cuts the side $AD$ in the point $P$, then $\frac{PA}{PD}=\frac 18$. If I note the intersections $S\in AB\cap NP$, $R\in AD\cap MS$, then $\frac{SA}{AB}=\frac 16$, $\frac{RA}{RD}=\frac 13.$

Remark 2. This problem can be generalized to other quadrilaterals. I wish to see a extension of this problem to the rectangle, parallelogram deltoid, rhombus (and $\frac{MC}{MD}=r$) a.s.o.
I think you have made a mistake in calculating $\frac{PA}{PD}$

As it is not equal to $\frac{1}{8}$ but it must be equal to $\frac{1}{7}$

Here is how it is done we know that $NM=NB$ also M is the reflection of B in line NP hence NP is the perpendicular bisector of $\triangle NMB $ and $\triangle PMB$

Let AT =x, hence DT= a-x

now BT=$a^2+x^2$

MT=$\frac{a^2}{4}+(a-x)^2$
Now by using these two equations we found x=$\frac{a}{8}$
$\Longrightarrow$ $DT=\frac{7a}{8}$
NOW from this we can find the equation of crease which comes out to be $\frac{-x}{2}+\frac{7a}{8}=y$ in which C is on the origin A is at(0,a) ...

now finding the intersection of crease and AB using our equation we found $\frac{SA}{SB}=\frac{1}{4}$

Now we find the equation of the line MS which comes out to be $\frac{-4ax}{3}+\frac{2a}{3}=y$

Now by using this equation we have $\frac{RA}{RD}=\frac{1}{2}$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by frost23, Jun 12, 2025, 6:27 AM
Reason: typing mistake
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