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k a July Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jwelsh   0
Jul 1, 2025
We are halfway through summer, so be sure to carve out some time to keep your skills sharp and explore challenging topics at AoPS Online and our AoPS Academies (including the Virtual Campus)!

[list][*]Over 60 summer classes are starting at the Virtual Campus on July 7th - check out the math and language arts options for middle through high school levels.
[*]At AoPS Online, we have accelerated sections where you can complete a course in half the time by meeting twice/week instead of once/week, starting on July 8th:
[list][*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
[*]MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
[*]AMC Problem Series[/list]
[*]Plus, AoPS Online has a special seminar July 14 - 17 that is outside the standard fare: Paradoxes and Infinity
[*]We are expanding our in-person AoPS Academy locations - are you looking for a strong community of problem solvers, exemplary instruction, and math and language arts options? Look to see if we have a location near you and enroll in summer camps or academic year classes today! New locations include campuses in California, Georgia, New York, Illinois, and Oregon and more coming soon![/list]

MOP (Math Olympiad Summer Program) just ended and the IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) is right around the corner! This year’s IMO will be held in Australia, July 10th - 20th. Congratulations to all the MOP students for reaching this incredible level and best of luck to all selected to represent their countries at this year’s IMO! Did you know that, in the last 10 years, 59 USA International Math Olympiad team members have medaled and have taken over 360 AoPS Online courses. Take advantage of our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training (WOOT) courses
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Are you tired of the heat and thinking about Fall? You can plan your Fall schedule now with classes at either AoPS Online, AoPS Academy Virtual Campus, or one of our AoPS Academies around the US.

Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
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0 replies
1 viewing
jwelsh
Jul 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Sequence and divisibility
joybangla   6
N 19 minutes ago by AshAuktober
Source: Tournament of Towns,Spring 2002, Junior A Level, P6
In an infinite increasing sequence of positive integers, every term from the $2002^{\text{th}}$ term divides the sum of all preceding terms. Prove that every term starting from some term is equal to the sum of all preceding terms.
6 replies
joybangla
May 13, 2014
AshAuktober
19 minutes ago
Inequality
Ecrin_eren   1
N 24 minutes ago by Ecrin_eren
For positive real numbers a, b, c satisfying
ab + ac + bc = 3abc, prove that

bc / (a⁴(b + c)) + ac / (b⁴(a + c)) + ab / (c⁴(a + b)) ≥ 3/2
1 reply
Ecrin_eren
3 hours ago
Ecrin_eren
24 minutes ago
A specific case of my previous conjecture
Rhapsodies_pro   0
24 minutes ago
Source: n=4
Prove that \(3\) is the largest value of the constant \(k\) such that \[{ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd-6}\leqslant{k{\left(a+b+c+d-1\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d-4\right)}}\]holds for any nonnegative real numbers \(a, b, c, d\) satisfying \({a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+5abcd}\geqslant9\).
0 replies
Rhapsodies_pro
24 minutes ago
0 replies
Nice Geometry Proof Question
MathRook7817   1
N 25 minutes ago by Kempu33334
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$. Prove that the triangle formed by the perpendicular bisectors of $AH$, $BH$, and $CH$ is congruent to triangle $ABC$.
1 reply
MathRook7817
30 minutes ago
Kempu33334
25 minutes ago
Inequalities and calculus
mihaig   0
28 minutes ago
Source: Own
Let $0\leq a<b<c<1$ such that $a+b+c=\frac{3}{\sqrt2}.$
Find the best lower and upper bounds for
$$\frac{\arcsin a-\arcsin b}{a-b}+\frac{\arcsin b-\arcsin c}{b-c}+\frac{\arcsin c-\arcsin a}{c-a}.$$
0 replies
mihaig
28 minutes ago
0 replies
Group theory study and review
JerryZYang   3
N 44 minutes ago by JerryZYang
I want to review and potentially teach group theory... So can anyone give me some nice resources for review and beginners. The review ones are for me with around Middle School reading level the beginner ones are for me to see how to teach. :) thanks!
3 replies
JerryZYang
Today at 4:14 AM
JerryZYang
44 minutes ago
Reals to reals FE
a_507_bc   14
N an hour ago by TigerOnion
Source: BMO SL 2023 A3
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, such that $$f(xy+f(x^2))=xf(x+y)$$for all reals $x, y$.
14 replies
a_507_bc
May 3, 2024
TigerOnion
an hour ago
f (2017)=? f (1) + f (2) + ...+ f (n) = n^2f (n), f (1) = 2018
parmenides51   2
N an hour ago by MathsPro1729
Source: OLCOMA Costa Rica National Olympiad, Final Round, 2017 Shortlist F1 day2 (F = Functional)
Let $f: Z ^+ \to R$, such that $f (1) = 2018$ and $f (1) + f (2) + ...+ f (n) = n^2f (n)$, for all $n> 1$. Find the value $f (2017)$.
2 replies
parmenides51
Sep 21, 2021
MathsPro1729
an hour ago
Solution set of 2/x>3/3-x
EthanWYX2009   3
N an hour ago by Euler_Gauss
The solution set of the inequality \( \frac{2}{x} > \frac{3}{3-x} \) is ______.

Proposed by Baihao Lan, High School Attached to Northwest Normal University
3 replies
EthanWYX2009
Yesterday at 2:17 AM
Euler_Gauss
an hour ago
egmo 2018 p5
microsoft_office_word   42
N an hour ago by Blackbeam999
Source: EGMO 2018 P5
Let $\Gamma $ be the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$. A circle $\Omega$ is tangent to the line segment $AB$ and is tangent to $\Gamma$ at a point lying on the same side of the line $AB$ as $C$. The angle bisector of $\angle BCA$ intersects $\Omega$ at two different points $P$ and $Q$.
Prove that $\angle ABP = \angle QBC$.
42 replies
microsoft_office_word
Apr 12, 2018
Blackbeam999
an hour ago
Inequality
SunnyEvan   4
N an hour ago by SunnyEvan
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c >0$, such that: $ a+b+c=3 .$ Prove that:
$$ 2025 \geq (628-96(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}))(ab+bc+ca)+864\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}$$When does the equality hold ?
4 replies
SunnyEvan
Jul 18, 2025
SunnyEvan
an hour ago
AZE JBMO TST
IstekOlympiadTeam   7
N an hour ago by LeYohan
Source: AZE JBMO TST
Find all integer solutions to the equation $x^2=y^2(x+y^4+2y^2)$ .
7 replies
IstekOlympiadTeam
May 2, 2015
LeYohan
an hour ago
IMO Shortlist 2011, G4
WakeUp   133
N an hour ago by happypi31415
Source: IMO Shortlist 2011, G4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcircle $\Omega$. Let $B_0$ be the midpoint of $AC$ and let $C_0$ be the midpoint of $AB$. Let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ and let $G$ be the centroid of the triangle $ABC$. Let $\omega$ be a circle through $B_0$ and $C_0$ that is tangent to the circle $\Omega$ at a point $X\not= A$. Prove that the points $D,G$ and $X$ are collinear.

Proposed by Ismail Isaev and Mikhail Isaev, Russia
133 replies
WakeUp
Jul 13, 2012
happypi31415
an hour ago
Equivalent polynomials
hajimbrak   5
N 2 hours ago by AshAuktober
Source: Indian Team Selection Test 2015 Day 1 Problem 2
Let $f$ and $g$ be two polynomials with integer coefficients such that the leading coefficients of both the polynomials are positive. Suppose $\deg(f)$ is odd and the sets $\{f(a)\mid a\in \mathbb{Z}\}$ and $\{g(a)\mid a\in \mathbb{Z}\}$ are the same. Prove that there exists an integer $k$ such that $g(x)=f(x+k)$.
5 replies
1 viewing
hajimbrak
Jul 11, 2015
AshAuktober
2 hours ago
Polynomials
P162008   5
N Jun 6, 2025 by RedFireTruck
P1. Find $p(0) + p(5)$ where $p$ is a monic polynomial of degree $4$ satisfying $p(r) = 2^r ; r = 1,2,3,4.$

P2. Find $p(1), p(-1)$ where $p$ is a polynomial of smallest degree possible satisfying $p(r) = \frac{1}{r^2 - 1}; r = 2,3,4,\cdots, 10.$

P3. Find $k$ and $p(0)$, if polynomial $p$ satisfies $x.p(x) + 1 = k\left(\prod_{i = 1}^{5} (x - i)\right).$

P4. Find $p(0)$ where $p$ is a polynomial of smallest degree satisfying $p(r) = \frac{1}{r}; r = 1,2,3,\cdots,10.$

P5. Find $p(0),p(6),k$ and $\alpha$ if polynomial $p$ satisfies $(x^2 - 6x).p(x) + 1 = k\left(\prod_{i=1}^{5} (x - i)\right)(x - \alpha).$

P6. If $f(x)$ is a polynomial of degree $50$ such that $f(x) = \frac{x}{x + 1}; x = 0,1,2,\cdots,50.$ Evaluate $f(-1).$
5 replies
P162008
Jun 6, 2025
RedFireTruck
Jun 6, 2025
Polynomials
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P162008
262 posts
#1
Y by
P1. Find $p(0) + p(5)$ where $p$ is a monic polynomial of degree $4$ satisfying $p(r) = 2^r ; r = 1,2,3,4.$

P2. Find $p(1), p(-1)$ where $p$ is a polynomial of smallest degree possible satisfying $p(r) = \frac{1}{r^2 - 1}; r = 2,3,4,\cdots, 10.$

P3. Find $k$ and $p(0)$, if polynomial $p$ satisfies $x.p(x) + 1 = k\left(\prod_{i = 1}^{5} (x - i)\right).$

P4. Find $p(0)$ where $p$ is a polynomial of smallest degree satisfying $p(r) = \frac{1}{r}; r = 1,2,3,\cdots,10.$

P5. Find $p(0),p(6),k$ and $\alpha$ if polynomial $p$ satisfies $(x^2 - 6x).p(x) + 1 = k\left(\prod_{i=1}^{5} (x - i)\right)(x - \alpha).$

P6. If $f(x)$ is a polynomial of degree $50$ such that $f(x) = \frac{x}{x + 1}; x = 0,1,2,\cdots,50.$ Evaluate $f(-1).$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by P162008, Jun 6, 2025, 12:31 AM
Reason: Typo
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RedFireTruck
4266 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by wpdnjs
p1

24 2 4 8 16 54
-22 2 4 8 38
24 2 4 30
-22 2 26

ans is $24+54=\boxed{78}$
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RedFireTruck
4266 posts
#3
Y by
p4

p(x) has degree 9

xp(x)-1=a(x-1)(x-2)...(x-10)

plugging in x=0 gives -1=10!a so a=-1/10!

p(x)=(1-(x-1)(x-2)...(x-9)(x-10)/10!)/x

the 1s cancel so we care abt the x coeff

answer is 1/1+1/2+1/3+1/4+1/5+1/6+1/7+1/8+1/9+1/10
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HAL9000sk
113 posts
#4
Y by
P2: By the dividing difference scheme one gets p(-1) = 706309/55440 and p(1) = 64811/55440 .

P3: x*p(x) + 1 = k(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)

x=0 gives k = -1/5! = -1/120

The coefficient of x on the right hand side is 120k*(1+1/2+1/3+1/4+1/5) = 274k.
So p(0) = -137/60
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HAL9000sk
113 posts
#5
Y by
P5: x(x-6)*p(x) + 1 = k(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)(x-5)(x-\alpha)

x=0 : 1 = 120k\alpha
x=6 : 1 = 120k(6-\alpha)

--> k = 1/360, \alpha = 3

Substitution x = t+3 gives

(t^2-9)*p(t+3) + 1 = (t+2)(t+1)t^2(t-1)(t-2)/360 = t^2(t^2-1)(t^2-4)/360

360(t^2-9)*p(t+3) = t^6-5t^4+4t^2-360 = (t^2-9)(t^4+4t^2+40)

p(t+3) = (t^4+4t^2+40)/360

p(0) = p(6) = 157/360
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RedFireTruck
4266 posts
#6
Y by
p6

(x+1)f(x)-x=ax(x-1)...(x-49)(x-50)

pluging in x=-1 gives 1=-51!a so a=-1/51!

we care about (x-x(x-1)...(x-49)(x-50)/51!)/(x+1) when x=-1

by L hospital, the answer is -1/2-1/3-...-1/50-1/51
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by RedFireTruck, Jun 6, 2025, 7:52 PM
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