C++

C++ is a high-level programming language used for developing software. A compiler is responsible for translating the C++ code into machine code, which is understood by the computer. The compiler reads the entire program, converting it into an executable file, typically composed of binary machine instructions. Once created, this executable can be run on the target system.

In contrast to a compiler, an interpreter directly processes the source code line by line, executing instructions without generating a separate executable file.

In C++, memory is managed using variables, each of which holds a value. The return statement can send a value from memory back to the calling function or storage. If a function is declared with the type void, it does not return any value.

Functions in C++ are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They can be named, but it’s crucial to ensure that the function named main is the first one executed in your program, as it serves as the entry point.

The #include directive is used to include external files, such as libraries or header files, which contain declarations and function definitions. Be cautious not to include a file that contains the main function, as there can only be one main in a program.

In C++, header files usually have the .h extension, while the source code files typically have .cpp or .cc extensions. On Windows, executable files have the .exe extension, whereas on Unix-like systems, executables usually have no extension.