Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 1-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Free webinar 4/3 about Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor.  
No tags match your search
M
G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
H
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
an hour ago
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 16th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!

MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
an hour ago
0 replies
J
H
k a My Retirement & New Leadership at AoPS
rrusczyk   1571
N Mar 26, 2025 by SmartGroot
I write today to announce my retirement as CEO from Art of Problem Solving. When I founded AoPS 22 years ago, I never imagined that we would reach so many students and families, or that we would find so many channels through which we discover, inspire, and train the great problem solvers of the next generation. I am very proud of all we have accomplished and I’m thankful for the many supporters who provided inspiration and encouragement along the way. I'm particularly grateful to all of the wonderful members of the AoPS Community!

I’m delighted to introduce our new leaders - Ben Kornell and Andrew Sutherland. Ben has extensive experience in education and edtech prior to joining AoPS as my successor as CEO, including starting like I did as a classroom teacher. He has a deep understanding of the value of our work because he’s an AoPS parent! Meanwhile, Andrew and I have common roots as founders of education companies; he launched Quizlet at age 15! His journey from founder to MIT to technology and product leader as our Chief Product Officer traces a pathway many of our students will follow in the years to come.

Thank you again for your support for Art of Problem Solving and we look forward to working with millions more wonderful problem solvers in the years to come.

And special thanks to all of the amazing AoPS team members who have helped build AoPS. We’ve come a long way from here:IMAGE
1571 replies
rrusczyk
Mar 24, 2025
SmartGroot
Mar 26, 2025
J
H
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
J
H
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
J
H
Assisted perpendicular chasing
sarjinius   3
N 9 minutes ago by ZeroHero
Source: Philippine Mathematical Olympiad 2025 P7
In acute triangle $ABC$ with circumcenter $O$ and orthocenter $H$, let $D$ be an arbitrary point on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ such that $D$ does not lie on line $OB$ and that line $OD$ is not parallel to line $BC$. Let $E$ be the point on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ such that $DE$ is perpendicular to $BC$, and let $F$ be the point on line $AC$ such that $FA = FE$. Let $P$ and $R$ be the points on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ such that $PE$ is a diameter, and $BH$ and $DR$ are parallel. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $DH$.
(a) Show that $AP$ and $BR$ are perpendicular.
(b) Show that $FM$ and $BM$ are perpendicular.
3 replies
sarjinius
Mar 9, 2025
ZeroHero
9 minutes ago
J
H
(a²-b²)(b²-c²) = abc
straight   4
N 15 minutes ago by GreekIdiot
Find all triples of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that

\[(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2) = abc.\]
If you can't solve this, assume $gcd(a,c) = 1$. If this is still too hard assume in $a \ge b \ge c$ that $b-c$ is a prime.
4 replies
straight
Mar 24, 2025
GreekIdiot
15 minutes ago
J
H
Prove that there are no tuples $(x, y, z)$ sastifying $x^2+y^2-z^2=xyz-2$
Anabcde   2
N 19 minutes ago by IMUKAT
Prove that there are no tuples $(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{Z}^3$ sastifying $x^2+y^2-z^2=xyz-2$
2 replies
Anabcde
3 hours ago
IMUKAT
19 minutes ago
J
H
Old problem :(
Drakkur   0
30 minutes ago
Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that
$$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+bc}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+ca}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+ab}}\le \sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)$$
0 replies
1 viewing
Drakkur
30 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
Functional equations
hanzo.ei   6
N 41 minutes ago by hanzo.ei
Source: Greekldiot
Find all $f: \mathbb R_+ \rightarrow \mathbb R_+$ such that $f(xf(y)+f(x))=yf(x+yf(x)) \: \forall \: x,y \in \mathbb R_+$
6 replies
1 viewing
hanzo.ei
Mar 29, 2025
hanzo.ei
41 minutes ago
J
H
Polynomial
EtacticToe   2
N an hour ago by yuribogomolov
Source: Own
Let $f(x)$ be a monic polynomial with integer coefficient. And suppose there exist 4 distinct integer $a,b,c,d$ such that $f(a)=…=f(d)=5$.

Find all $k$ such that $f(k)=8$
2 replies
EtacticToe
Dec 14, 2024
yuribogomolov
an hour ago
J
H
Is this FE solvable?
Mathdreams   2
N an hour ago by Mathdreams
Find all $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that \[f(2x+y) + f(x+f(2y)) = f(x)f(y) - xy\]for all reals $x$ and $y$.
2 replies
Mathdreams
Yesterday at 6:58 PM
Mathdreams
an hour ago
J
H
inequalities hard
Cobedangiu   3
N an hour ago by sqing
problem
3 replies
Cobedangiu
Mar 31, 2025
sqing
an hour ago
J
H
Find the probability
ali3985   0
2 hours ago
Let $A$ be a set of Natural numbers from $1$ to $N$.
Now choose $k$ ($k \geq 3$) distinct elements from this set.

What is the probability of these numbers to be an increasing geometric progression ?
0 replies
ali3985
2 hours ago
0 replies
J
H
IMOC 2017 G2 , (ABC) <= (DEF) . perpendiculars related
parmenides51   7
N 2 hours ago by AshAuktober
Source: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1740077p11309077
Given two acute triangles $\vartriangle ABC, \vartriangle DEF$. If $AB \ge DE, BC \ge EF$ and $CA \ge FD$, show that the area of $\vartriangle ABC$ is not less than the area of $\vartriangle DEF$
7 replies
parmenides51
Mar 20, 2020
AshAuktober
2 hours ago
J
H
The Sums of Elements in Subsets
bobaboby1   3
N 2 hours ago by bobaboby1
Given a finite set \( X = \{x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n\} \), and the pairwise comparison of the sums of elements of all its subsets (with the empty set defined as having a sum of 0), which amounts to \( \binom{2}{2^n} \) inequalities, these given comparisons satisfy the following three constraints:

1. The sum of elements of any non-empty subset is greater than 0.
2. For any two subsets, removing or adding the same elements does not change their comparison of the sums of elements.
3. For any two disjoint subsets \( A \) and \( B \), if the sums of elements of \( A \) and \( B \) are greater than those of subsets \( C \) and \( D \) respectively, then the sum of elements of the union \( A \cup B \) is greater than that of \( C \cup D \).

The question is: Does there necessarily exist a positive solution \( (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n) \) that satisfies all these conditions?
3 replies
bobaboby1
Mar 12, 2025
bobaboby1
2 hours ago
J
H
3 var inquality
sqing   1
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $a,b,c>0$. Prove that
$$ \dfrac{ab}{a^2-ab+3b^2} + \dfrac{bc}{b^2-bc+3c^2} + \dfrac{ca}{c^2-ca+3a^2} \le1$$$$ \dfrac{ab}{a^2-ab+ 2b^2} + \dfrac{bc}{b^2-bc+2 c^2} + \dfrac{ca}{c^2-ca+ 2a^2}\le \dfrac{3}{2}$$$$ \dfrac{ab}{2a^2-ab+3b^2} + \dfrac{bc}{2b^2-bc+3c^2} + \dfrac{ca}{2c^2-ca+3a^2} \le \dfrac{3}{4}$$
1 reply
sqing
2 hours ago
sqing
2 hours ago
J
H
Show that AB/AC=BF/FC
syk0526   75
N 2 hours ago by AshAuktober
Source: APMO 2012 #4
Let $ ABC $ be an acute triangle. Denote by $ D $ the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from the point $ A $ to the side $ BC $, by $M$ the midpoint of $ BC $, and by $ H $ the orthocenter of $ ABC $. Let $ E $ be the point of intersection of the circumcircle $ \Gamma $ of the triangle $ ABC $ and the half line $ MH $, and $ F $ be the point of intersection (other than $E$) of the line $ ED $ and the circle $ \Gamma $. Prove that $ \tfrac{BF}{CF} = \tfrac{AB}{AC} $ must hold.

(Here we denote $XY$ the length of the line segment $XY$.)
75 replies
syk0526
Apr 2, 2012
AshAuktober
2 hours ago
J
H
Very hard FE problem
steven_zhang123   1
N 2 hours ago by GreekIdiot
Source: 0
Given a real number \(C\) such that \(x + y + z = C\) (where \(x, y, z \in \mathbb{R}\)), and a functional equation \(f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) that satisfies \((f^x(y) + f^y(z) + f^z(x))((f(x))^y + (f(y))^z + (f(z))^x) \geq 2025\) for all \(x, y, z \in \mathbb{R}\), has a finite number of solutions. Find such \(C\).
(Here, $f^{n}(x)$ is the function obtained by composing $f(x)$ $n$ times, that is, $(\underbrace{f \circ f \circ \cdots \circ f}_{n \ \text{times}})(x)$)
1 reply
steven_zhang123
Mar 30, 2025
GreekIdiot
2 hours ago
J
H
J
H
2010 JBMO Shortlist G2
parmenides51   3
N Feb 21, 2020 by Math-wiz
Source: 2010 JBMO Shortlist G2
Consider a triangle ${ABC}$ and let ${M}$ be the midpoint of the side ${BC.}$ Suppose ${\angle MAC=\angle ABC}$ and ${\angle BAM=105^{\circ}.}$ Find the measure of ${\angle ABC}$.
3 replies
parmenides51
Oct 8, 2017
Math-wiz
Feb 21, 2020
J
2010 JBMO Shortlist G2
G H J
Reveal topic tags
geometry
JBMO
L
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: 2010 JBMO Shortlist G2
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
parmenides51
30629 posts
parmenides51
#1 h  Oct 8, 2017, 12:54 PM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Consider a triangle ${ABC}$ and let ${M}$ be the midpoint of the side ${BC.}$ Suppose ${\angle MAC=\angle ABC}$ and ${\angle BAM=105^{\circ}.}$ Find the measure of ${\angle ABC}$.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
mUnLoI
2 posts
mUnLoI
#2 h  Feb 12, 2020, 5:59 PM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Wild
Can someone solve this problem? Pls
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
augustin_p
170 posts
augustin_p
#3 h  Feb 21, 2020, 9:52 AM • 2 Y
Y by microsoft_office_word, Adventure10
Denote $\angle ABC = x$, then $\angle AMC = 105+x$. We have $$\Delta ABC \sim \Delta AMC \implies\frac{AM}{AB}=\frac{CM}{CA}=\frac{CA}{BC} \implies \sqrt2CA=BC.$$Using the law of sines in $\Delta AMC$ we have $$\frac{\sin{x}}{CM}=\frac{\sin(105+x)}{AC} \iff \frac{2\sin{x}}{BC}=\frac{\sin(75-x)}{AC} \iff \sqrt2\sin{x}=\sin(75-2x)\iff\tan{x}=\frac{1}{\sqrt3} \iff x=30.$$
This post has been edited 9 times. Last edited by augustin_p, Mar 6, 2023, 12:24 PM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Math-wiz
6107 posts
Math-wiz
#4 h  Feb 21, 2020, 10:02 AM • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
augustin_p wrote:
∆$ABC$~∆$BMC.

Typo here I guess
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a