Functional Equations... Sorta
by MP8148, Apr 29, 2019, 9:43 PM
Source: 2015 HMMT November Guts #26
Let
be a continuous function satisfying
for all positive reals
. If
, compute
.
Thought Process
Let





Thought Process
OK. Let's see, a weird function. What to do about it? Hey, if I plug in
and
, the equation becomes
Making progress.
Wait, if I now let
and
, we might get an equation! Let's see:
which is... very helpful. What am I even doing? 
Let's see what other values of the function we can figure out. Obviously if I let
, I can get
. Similarly,
and
, etc. So it seems that I can figure out all values of the function for powers of
, but how do I get to
? 
Hmm... Let's read the problem statement again. Blah blah blah... "continuous." Ha, big clue. Why does the function have to be continuous? Wait a second, judging by the few values of the function I obtained, it seems that
is some sort of logarithm. Plus,
looks awfully like the log addition property! Also, as the values are suggesting, it should be a base
logarithm! 
We are probably at the home stretch now. If
, then
,
... we are just off by
! Let
might do the job. Indeed, we have
,
, etc. It also fits the given equation:
Problem solved! 
The answer is therefore
.








Let's see what other values of the function we can figure out. Obviously if I let







Hmm... Let's read the problem statement again. Blah blah blah... "continuous." Ha, big clue. Why does the function have to be continuous? Wait a second, judging by the few values of the function I obtained, it seems that




We are probably at the home stretch now. If









The answer is therefore
