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k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
March is the month for State MATHCOUNTS competitions! Kudos to everyone who participated in their local chapter competitions and best of luck to all going to State! Join us on March 11th for a Math Jam devoted to our favorite Chapter competition problems! Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS? Be sure to check out our AMC 8/MATHCOUNTS Basics and Advanced courses.

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Do you have plans this summer? There are so many options to fit your schedule and goals whether attending a summer camp or taking online classes, it can be a great break from the routine of the school year. Check out our summer courses at AoPS Online, or if you want a math or language arts class that doesn’t have homework, but is an enriching summer experience, our AoPS Virtual Campus summer camps may be just the ticket! We are expanding our locations for our AoPS Academies across the country with 15 locations so far and new campuses opening in Saratoga CA, Johns Creek GA, and the Upper West Side NY. Check out this page for summer camp information.

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]March 5th (Wednesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, HCSSiM Math Jam 2025. Amber Verser, Assistant Director of the Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics, will host an information session about HCSSiM, a summer program for high school students.
[*]March 6th (Thursday), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Free Webinar on Math Competitions from elementary through high school. Join us for an enlightening session that demystifies the world of math competitions and helps you make informed decisions about your contest journey.
[*]March 11th (Tuesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS Chapter Discussion MATH JAM. AoPS instructors will discuss some of their favorite problems from the MATHCOUNTS Chapter Competition. All are welcome!
[*]March 13th (Thursday), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Free Webinar about Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus. Transform your summer into an unforgettable learning adventure! From elementary through high school, we offer dynamic summer camps featuring topics in mathematics, language arts, and competition preparation - all designed to fit your schedule and ignite your passion for learning.[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Square-free Numbers
EthanWYX2009   0
a minute ago
Source: 2025 TST-13
Find all positive integers \( m \) for which there exists an infinite subset \( A \) of the positive integers such that: for any pairwise distinct positive integers \( a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_m \in A \), the sum \( a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_m \) and the product \( a_1a_2 \cdots a_m \) are both square-free.
0 replies
EthanWYX2009
a minute ago
0 replies
Additive Combinatorics!
EthanWYX2009   0
6 minutes ago
Source: 2025 TST 15
Let \( X \) be a finite set of real numbers, \( d \) be a real number, and \(\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \cdots, \lambda_{2025}\) be 2025 non-zero real numbers. Define
\[A = 
\left\{ 
(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2025}) : x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2025} \in X \text{ and } \sum_{i=1}^{2025} \lambda_i x_i = d 
\right\},\]\[B = 
\left\{ 
(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2024}) : x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2024} \in X \text{ and } \sum_{i=1}^{2024} (-1)^i x_i = 0 
\right\},\]\[C = 
\left\{ 
(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2026}) : x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_{2026} \in X \text{ and } \sum_{i=1}^{2026} (-1)^i x_i = 0 
\right\}.\]Show that \( |A|^2 \leq |B| \cdot |C| \).
0 replies
EthanWYX2009
6 minutes ago
0 replies
Mixed series
Snoop76   1
N 38 minutes ago by RagvaloD
$a_n$ and $b_n$ satisfies the following recursion formulas: $a_{0}=1, $ $b_{0}=1$, $ a_{n+1}=a_{n}+b_{n}$$ $ and $ $$ b_{n+1}=(2n+3)b_{n}+a_{n}$. Show that$ $ $\frac{b_n}{a_n}<2n-\frac 1 {2n}$ , $ $for $n>1$.
1 reply
Snoop76
Yesterday at 5:32 PM
RagvaloD
38 minutes ago
A problem
jokehim   3
N an hour ago by jokehim
Source: me
Let $a,b,c>0$ and prove $$\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b}}\ge \frac{3\sqrt{6}}{2}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{3(a^3+b^3+c^3)}{(a+b+c)^3}+1}.$$
3 replies
jokehim
Mar 1, 2025
jokehim
an hour ago
2025 BAMO Problem D/2
BR1F1SZ   4
N 2 hours ago by cosinesine
Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a finite, nonempty set of points in the plane such that, for every point $A$ in $\mathcal{S}$, there exist points $B,C$ in $\mathcal{S}$ (distinct from $A$) such that $\angle BAC = 125^\circ$. What is the smallest possible number of points in $\mathcal{S}$?
4 replies
BR1F1SZ
6 hours ago
cosinesine
2 hours ago
prove that a_50 + b_50 > 20
kamatadu   7
N 2 hours ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: Canada Training Camp
The sequences $a_n$ and $b_n$ are such that, for every positive integer $n$,
\[ a_n > 0,\qquad\ b_n>0,\qquad\ a_{n+1}=a_n+\dfrac{1}{b_n},\qquad\ b_{n+1} = b_n+\dfrac{1}{a_n}. \]Prove that $a_{50} + b_{50} > 20$.
7 replies
kamatadu
Dec 30, 2023
Marcus_Zhang
2 hours ago
Reflecting reflections
straight   3
N 2 hours ago by Ianis
Given $\triangle ABC$ and centroid $G$. $A'$ is the reflection of $A$ over $G$, similarily define $B'$ and $C'$.
1) Prove that if we reflect $A$ over $B'$, it is the same as reflecting $A'$ over $C$

Now, do same for reflecting $C$ over $B'$ and $C'$ over $A$, $B$ over $C'$ and $B'$ over $A$.
2) Is the big triangle similar to $\triangle ABC$?
3 replies
straight
Sep 10, 2024
Ianis
2 hours ago
An isosceles triangle is given, prove a right angle
geometry6   77
N 3 hours ago by bjump
Source: ISL 2020 G1
Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $BC=CA$, and let $D$ be a point inside side $AB$ such that $AD< DB$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be two points inside sides $BC$ and $CA$, respectively, such that $\angle DPB = \angle DQA = 90^{\circ}$. Let the perpendicular bisector of $PQ$ meet line segment $CQ$ at $E$, and let the circumcircles of triangles $ABC$ and $CPQ$ meet again at point $F$, different from $C$.
Suppose that $P$, $E$, $F$ are collinear. Prove that $\angle ACB = 90^{\circ}$.
77 replies
geometry6
Jul 20, 2021
bjump
3 hours ago
Euler totient and powers
straight   2
N 3 hours ago by straight
Source: own
Are there infinitely many $(a,m)$ with $a,m>2$ with the property that

\[\varphi(a^m-1)|a^{\varphi(m)}-1 ?\]
In case there are finitely many solutions, find all.

Click to reveal hidden text
2 replies
1 viewing
straight
Nov 17, 2023
straight
3 hours ago
(a²-b²)(b²-c²) = abc
straight   0
3 hours ago
Find all triples of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that

\[(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2) = abc.\]
If you can't solve this, assume $gcd(a,c) = 1$. If this is still too hard assume in $a \ge b \ge c$ that $b-c$ is a prime.
0 replies
straight
3 hours ago
0 replies
D1015 : A strange EF for polynomials
Dattier   4
N 3 hours ago by Dattier
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Find all $P \in \mathbb R[x,y]$ with $P \not\in \mathbb R[x] \cup \mathbb R[y]$ and $\forall g,f$ homeomorphismes of $\mathbb R$, $P(f,g)$ is an homoemorphisme too.
4 replies
Dattier
Mar 16, 2025
Dattier
3 hours ago
Cyprus TST 2005, Day 3 - Juniors
leonariso   3
N 3 hours ago by TigerOnion
Source: Cyprus TST 2005 for JBMO
Problem 1
In an obtuse triangle $AB\Gamma$ $(\angle A\Gamma B=120{\ensuremath{^\circ})}$, $A\Gamma=6$ and $B\Gamma=2$. The interior bisector of the angle $\angle A\Gamma B$ intersects the side $AB$ at the point $\Delta$. Calculate the length of the line segment $\Gamma\Delta$.

Problem 2
The sides of an acute triangle are succesive integers $\nu$, $\nu+1$, $\nu+2$ $(\nu>3)$. If the altitude to the side whose length is $\nu+1$ divide the side into two line segments prove that their difference is 4.

Problem 3
Find all the values of the natural number $\nu$ such that

$2^{8}+2^{11}+2^\nu$

is a perfect square (ie square of a natural number).

Problem 4
Let $\alpha,\beta,\gamma >0$, $\alpha<\beta\gamma$ and $1+a^{3}=\beta^{3}\gamma^{3}$. Prove that $1+\alpha<\beta+\gamma$.
3 replies
leonariso
Sep 17, 2006
TigerOnion
3 hours ago
Abelkonkurransen 2025 4a
Lil_flip38   2
N 3 hours ago by MathLuis
Source: abelkonkurransen
Find all polynomials \(P\) with real coefficients satisfying
$$P(\frac{1}{1+x})=\frac{1}{1+P(x)}$$for all real numbers \(x\neq -1\)
2 replies
Lil_flip38
Mar 20, 2025
MathLuis
3 hours ago
P(x)=2^n has an integer root
Sayan   9
N 4 hours ago by MathLuis
Source: Bulgarian MO 2003: P6
Determine all polynomials $P(x)$ with integer coefficients such that, for any positive integer $n$, the equation $P(x)=2^n$ has an integer root.
9 replies
Sayan
May 22, 2014
MathLuis
4 hours ago
inequality
Vimath   16
N Apr 4, 2023 by sqing
1)If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge 2(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a})$
2)If $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers then prove that $(1+a^4)(1+b^4)(1+c^4)(1+d^4)\ge (1+(abcd)^4)$
3) If $n$ is a positive integer,prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1$
4)If $a,b,c$ are three positive real numbers in harmonic progression .Prove that $\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}>4$
16 replies
Vimath
Aug 8, 2016
sqing
Apr 4, 2023
inequality
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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Vimath
396 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
1)If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge 2(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a})$
2)If $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers then prove that $(1+a^4)(1+b^4)(1+c^4)(1+d^4)\ge (1+(abcd)^4)$
3) If $n$ is a positive integer,prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1$
4)If $a,b,c$ are three positive real numbers in harmonic progression .Prove that $\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}>4$
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claserken
1772 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
EDIT: I'm a total idiot
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by claserken, Aug 8, 2016, 7:51 PM
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trumpeter
3332 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by claserken, Adventure10, Mango247
claserken wrote:
#3 is wrong. Let $n\to\infty$

As $n\to\infty$, the left hand side approaches $\ln\left(3n+1\right)-\ln\left(n\right)=\ln\left(3+\frac{1}{n}\right)\to\ln3>1$, so I don't see a problem...
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viku
646 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
1st one

2nd one
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viku
646 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
3rd one
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sqing
41217 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
4rd one
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luofangxiang
4613 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by FranklinMonk, Adventure10
3) If $n$ is a positive integer,prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1$

Cauchy inequality
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sqing
41217 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Vimath wrote:
3) If $n$ is a positive integer,prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1$
It is very easy.
$\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}$
$=(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{3n+1})+(\frac{1}{n+2}+\frac{1}{3n})+(\frac{1}{n+3}+\frac{1}{3n-1})+\cdots+(\frac{1}{2n}+\frac{1}{2n+2})+\frac{1}{2n+1}$
$>\frac{4}{n+1+3n+1}+\frac{4}{n+2+3n}+\frac{4}{n+3+3n-1}+\cdots+ \frac{4}{2n+2n+2}+\frac{1}{2n+1}=1.$

Strengthening
If $n$ is a positive integer .Prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>\frac{25}{24}.$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by sqing, Aug 9, 2016, 12:31 AM
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trumpeter
3332 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
sqing wrote:
Strengthening
If $n$ is a positive integer .Prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>\frac{25}{24}.$

Even stronger:

If $n$ is a positive integer, prove that $$\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{3n+1}>\frac{\pi}{3}.$$
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sqing
41217 posts
#11 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
trumpeter wrote:
sqing wrote:
Strengthening
If $n$ is a positive integer .Prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>\frac{25}{24}.$
Even stronger:
If $n$ is a positive integer, prove that $$\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{3n+1}>\frac{\pi}{3}.$$
If $n$ is a positive integer .Prove that $$\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{3n+1}>ln3-\frac{1}{12}.$$
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mathematiculperson
509 posts
#12 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
$\lim_{n \to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^{2n+1}\frac{1}{n+k}
=\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{1}{n}(\sum_{k=1}^{2n}\frac{1}{1+\frac{k}{n}}+\frac{1}{3+\frac{1}{n}})
=\int_{0}^2 \frac{1}{1+x} dx+\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{1}{3n+1}
=\log 3$
So, the right hand is bigger than $\log 3$
And $\log 3>\frac{\pi}{3}$ holds
(Let $f(x)=\log x-\frac{\pi}{x}$ $(x\ge e)$
$f'(x)=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{\pi}{x^{2}}=
\frac{x+\pi}{x^{2}}>0$, so, $f(3)>f(\frac{11e}{10})=1+\log \frac{11}{10}-\frac{\pi}{\frac{11e}{10}}>1+0.08-1.06=0.2>0$, thus, $\log 3>\frac{\pi}{3}$ holds).
This post has been edited 7 times. Last edited by mathematiculperson, Aug 9, 2016, 1:46 AM
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sqing
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#13 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
sqing wrote:
If $n$ is a positive integer .Prove that $$\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\ldots+\frac{1}{3n+1}>ln3-\frac{1}{12}.$$
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pslv
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#14 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
how did u get the first step @ sqing.
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trumpeter
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#15 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
pslv wrote:
how did u get the first step @ sqing.

I believe you can apply trapezoidal sums to the integral $\int_n^{3n}\frac{1}{x}dx$ to get this estimate.
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trumpeter
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#16 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Vimath wrote:
2)If $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers then prove that $(1+a^4)(1+b^4)(1+c^4)(1+d^4)\ge (1+(abcd)^4)$

Stronger is $\left(1+a^4\right)\left(1+b^4\right)\left(1+c^4\right)\left(1+d^4\right)\geq\left(1+abcd\right)^4$.
Vimath wrote:
1)If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge 2(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a})$

We have $x^2+y^2+z^2\geq yz+zx+xy$. Let $x=t^{a-0.5}$, $y=t^{b-0.5}$, $z=t^{c-0.5}$. Then the inequality becomes $t^{2a-1}+t^{2b-1}+t^{2c-1}\geq t^{b+c-1}+t^{c+a-1}+t^{a+b-1}$. Integrating both sides of this from $t=0$ to $1$, with respect to $t$, gives $$\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\geq\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b},$$hence $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\geq2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)$.
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sqing
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Vimath wrote:
1)If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge 2(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a})$
2)If $a,b,c,d$ are positive real numbers then prove that $(1+a^4)(1+b^4)(1+c^4)(1+d^4)\ge (1+(abcd)^4)$
3) If $n$ is a positive integer,prove that $\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1$
4)If $a,b,c$ are three positive real numbers in harmonic progression .Prove that $\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}>4$
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4h1286365p6783941
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sqing
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Vimath wrote:
4)If $a,b,c$ are three positive real numbers in harmonic progression .Prove that $\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}>4$
Let $a,b,c>0 $ and $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b} .$ Prove that$$\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}\ge 4$$
Vimath wrote:
1)If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers $$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge 2(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a})$$
PROBLEM 169
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by sqing, Apr 5, 2023, 2:54 AM
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