Descartes

René Descartes was born on March 31, 1596 and died on February 11, 1650.

He's most famous for his philosophical statement: "I think, therefore I am." This would lead him to theorize Cartesian dualism, where the mind and body are treated as separate entities. Descartes would also become a proponent of deductive reasoning, where precise logic was emphasized in a manner similar to mathematical proofs.