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Difference between revisions of "2002 USA TST Problems"

 
(day 2 problems)
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=== Problem 4 ===
 
=== Problem 4 ===
 +
 +
Let <math> \displaystyle n</math> be a positive integer and let <math> \displaystyle S</math> be a set of <math> \displaystyle 2^n+1</math> elements. Let <math> \displaystyle f </math> be a function from the set of two-element subsets of <math> \displaystyle S </math> to <math>\{0, \dots, 2^{n-1}-1\}</math>. Assume that for any elements <math> \displaystyle x, y, z</math> of <math> \displaystyle S </math>, one of <math> \displaystyle f(\{x,y\}), f(\{y,z\}), f(\{z, x\}) </math> is equal to the sum of the other two. Show that there exist <math> \displaystyle a, b, c </math> in <math> \displaystyle S </math> such that <math> \displaystyle f(\{a,b\}), f(\{b,c\}), f(\{c,a\}) </math> are all equal to 0.
  
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 4 | Solution]]
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 4 | Solution]]
  
 
=== Problem 5 ===
 
=== Problem 5 ===
 +
 +
Consider the family of nonisoceles triangles <math>ABC</math> satisfying the property <math> \displaystyle AC^2 + BC^2 = 2 AB^2 </math>. Points <math> \displaystyle M</math> and <math> \displaystyle D </math> lie on side <math> \displaystyle AB </math> such that <math> \displaystyle AM = BM </math> and <math> \ang ACD = \ang BCD </math>. Point <math> \displaystyle E</math> is in the plane such that <math> \displaystyle D </math> is the incenter of triangle <math> \displaystyle CEM </math>. Prove that exactly one of the ratios
 +
<center>
 +
<math>
 +
\frac{CE}{EM}, \quad \frac{EM}{MC}, \quad \frac{MC}{CE}
 +
</math>
 +
</center>
 +
is constant (i.e., it is the same for all triangles in the family).
  
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 5 | Solution]]
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 5 | Solution]]
  
 
=== Problem 6 ===
 
=== Problem 6 ===
 +
 +
Find in explicit form all ordered pairs of positive integers <math> \displaystyle (m, n)</math> such that <math> \displaystyle mn-1 </math> divides <math> \displaystyle m^2 + n^2 </math>.
  
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 6 | Solution]]
 
[[2002 USA TST Problems/Problem 6 | Solution]]

Revision as of 13:49, 4 April 2007

Problems from the 2002 USA TST.

Day 1

Problem 1

Let $\displaystyle ABC$ be a triangle. Prove that

$\displaystyle \sin\frac{3A}{2} + \sin\frac{3B}{2} + \sin\frac{3C}{2} \le \cos\frac{A-B}{2} + \cos\frac{B-C}{2} + \cos\frac{C-A}{2}.$

Solution

Problem 2

Let $\displaystyle p$ be a prime number greater than 5. For any integer $\displaystyle x$, define

$\displaystyle f_p(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{p-1} \frac{1}{(px+k)^2}$.

Prove that for all positive integers $x$ and $y$ the numerator of $\displaystyle f_p(x)-f_p(y)$, when written in lowest terms, is divisible by $\displaystyle p^3$.

Solution

Problem 3

Let $\displaystyle n$ be an integer greater than 2, and $P_1, P_2, \cdots , P_n$ distinct points in the plane. Let $\mathcal S$ denote the union of all segments $P_1P_2, P_2P_3, \dots , P_{n-1}P_{n}$. Determine if it is always possible to find points $\displaystyle A$ and $\displaystyle B$ in $\mathcal S$ such that $P_1P_n \mid\mid AB$ (segment $\displaystyle AB$ can lie on line $\displaystyle P_1P_n$) and $\displaystyle P_1P_n = kAB$, where (1) $\displaystyle k = 2.5$; (2) $\displaystyle k = 3$.

Solution

Day 2

Problem 4

Let $\displaystyle n$ be a positive integer and let $\displaystyle S$ be a set of $\displaystyle 2^n+1$ elements. Let $\displaystyle f$ be a function from the set of two-element subsets of $\displaystyle S$ to $\{0, \dots, 2^{n-1}-1\}$. Assume that for any elements $\displaystyle x, y, z$ of $\displaystyle S$, one of $\displaystyle f(\{x,y\}), f(\{y,z\}), f(\{z, x\})$ is equal to the sum of the other two. Show that there exist $\displaystyle a, b, c$ in $\displaystyle S$ such that $\displaystyle f(\{a,b\}), f(\{b,c\}), f(\{c,a\})$ are all equal to 0.

Solution

Problem 5

Consider the family of nonisoceles triangles $ABC$ satisfying the property $\displaystyle AC^2 + BC^2 = 2 AB^2$. Points $\displaystyle M$ and $\displaystyle D$ lie on side $\displaystyle AB$ such that $\displaystyle AM = BM$ and $\ang ACD = \ang BCD$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg). Point $\displaystyle E$ is in the plane such that $\displaystyle D$ is the incenter of triangle $\displaystyle CEM$. Prove that exactly one of the ratios

$\frac{CE}{EM}, \quad \frac{EM}{MC}, \quad \frac{MC}{CE}$

is constant (i.e., it is the same for all triangles in the family).

Solution

Problem 6

Find in explicit form all ordered pairs of positive integers $\displaystyle (m, n)$ such that $\displaystyle mn-1$ divides $\displaystyle m^2 + n^2$.

Solution

Resources

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