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Difference between revisions of "1993 USAMO Problems/Problem 2"

(Created page with '==Problem 2== Let <math>ABCD</math> be a convex quadrilateral such that diagonals <math>AC</math> and <math>BD</math> intersect at right angles, and let <math>E</math> be their …')
 
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===Work===
 
===Work===
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Let <math>X</math>, <math>Y</math>, <math>Z</math>, <math>W</math> be the foot of the altitute from point E of <math>\triangle AEB</math>, <math>\triangle BEC</math>, <math>\triangle CED</math>, <math>\triangle DEA</math>.
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Let <math>X</math>, <math>Y</math>, <math>Z</math>, <math>W</math> be the foot of the altitude from point <math>E</math> of <math>\triangle AEB</math>, <math>\triangle BEC</math>, <math>\triangle CED</math>, <math>\triangle DEA</math>.
  
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Note that reflection of <math>E</math> over the 4 lines is <math>XYZW</math> with a scale of <math>2</math> with center <math>E</math>. Thus, if <math>XYZW</math> is cyclic, then the reflections are cyclic.
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Note that reflection of <math>E</math> over all the points of <math>XYZW</math> is similar to <math>XYZW</math> with a scale of <math>2</math> with center <math>E</math>. Thus, if <math>XYZW</math> is cyclic, then the reflections are cyclic.
  
 
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Similarly <math>\angle EWZ\cong \angle EDC</math>,  <math>\angle EYX\cong \angle EBA</math>,  <math>\angle EYZ\cong \angle ECD</math>.
 
Similarly <math>\angle EWZ\cong \angle EDC</math>,  <math>\angle EYX\cong \angle EBA</math>,  <math>\angle EYZ\cong \angle ECD</math>.
  
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<br/>Futhermore, <math>m\angle XYZ+m\angle XWZ= m\angle EWX+m\angle EYX+m\angle EYZ+m\angle EWZ=360^\circ-m\angle CED-m\angle AEB=180^\circ</math>.
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<br/>Futhermore, <math>m\angle XYZ+m\angle XWZ= m\angle EWX+m\angle EYX+m\angle EYZ+m\angle EWZ=</math><math>360^\circ-m\angle CED-m\angle AEB=180^\circ</math>.
  
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Thus, <math>\angle XYZ</math> and <math>\angle XWZ</math> are supplementary and follows that, <math>XYZW</math> is cyclic.
 
Thus, <math>\angle XYZ</math> and <math>\angle XWZ</math> are supplementary and follows that, <math>XYZW</math> is cyclic.
  
 
<P align="right"><math>\mathbb{Q.E.D}</math></P>
 
<P align="right"><math>\mathbb{Q.E.D}</math></P>
  
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== Resources ==
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== See Also ==
  
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{{USAMO box|year=1993|num-b=3|num-a=5}}
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{{USAMO box|year=1993|num-b=1|num-a=3}}
 
* [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=356413#p356413 Discussion on AoPS/MathLinks]
 
* [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=356413#p356413 Discussion on AoPS/MathLinks]
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{{MAA Notice}}
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[[Category:Olympiad Geometry Problems]]

Revision as of 07:09, 10 April 2023

Problem 2

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral such that diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at right angles, and let $E$ be their intersection. Prove that the reflections of $E$ across $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DA$ are concyclic.

Solution

Diagram

[asy] import olympiad; defaultpen(0.8pt+fontsize(12pt)); pair E; E=(0,0); label('$E$',E,N); pair A,B,C,D; A=(10,0); B=(0,13); C=(-13,0); D=(0,-11); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle,blue); label('$A$',A,E); label('$B$',B,N); label('$C$',C,W); label('$D$',D,S); pair T,R,S,Q; T=reflect(A, B)*E; R=reflect(C, B)*E; S=reflect(C, D)*E; Q=reflect(A, D)*E; pair W,X,Y,Z; W=extension(A,D,E,Q); X=extension(A,B,E,T); Y=extension(C,B,E,R); Z=extension(C,D,E,S); draw(W--X--Y--Z--cycle,red); label('$X$',X,NE); label('$Y$',Y,NW); label('$Z$',Z, SW); label('$W$',W,SE); [/asy]


Work

Let $X$, $Y$, $Z$, $W$ be the foot of the altitude from point $E$ of $\triangle AEB$, $\triangle BEC$, $\triangle CED$, $\triangle DEA$.

Note that reflection of $E$ over all the points of $XYZW$ is similar to $XYZW$ with a scale of $2$ with center $E$. Thus, if $XYZW$ is cyclic, then the reflections are cyclic.


$\angle EWA$ is right angle and so is $\angle EXA$. Thus, $EXAW$ is cyclic with $EA$ being the diameter of the circumcircle.

Follow that, $\angle EWX\cong\angle EAX\cong \angle EAB$ because they inscribe the same angle.

Similarly $\angle EWZ\cong \angle EDC$, $\angle EYX\cong \angle EBA$, $\angle EYZ\cong \angle ECD$.


Futhermore, $m\angle XYZ+m\angle XWZ= m\angle EWX+m\angle EYX+m\angle EYZ+m\angle EWZ=$$360^\circ-m\angle CED-m\angle AEB=180^\circ$.


Thus, $\angle XYZ$ and $\angle XWZ$ are supplementary and follows that, $XYZW$ is cyclic.

$\mathbb{Q.E.D}$

See Also

1993 USAMO (Problems • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 1 		Followed by
Problem 3
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5
All USAMO Problems and Solutions

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