Difference between revisions of "2009 IMO Problems/Problem 1"
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Let <math>n=pq</math> such that <math>p\mid a_1</math> and <math>q\mid a_2-1</math>. Suppose <math>n</math> divides <math>a_k(a_1-1)</math>. | Let <math>n=pq</math> such that <math>p\mid a_1</math> and <math>q\mid a_2-1</math>. Suppose <math>n</math> divides <math>a_k(a_1-1)</math>. | ||
Note <math>q\mid a_2-1</math> implies <math>(q,a_2)=1</math> and hence <math>q\mid a_3-1</math>. Similarly one has <math>q\mid a_i-1</math> for all <math>i</math>'s, in particular, <math>p\mid a_1</math> and <math>q\mid a_1-1</math> force <math>(p,q)=1</math>. Now <math>(p,a_1-1)=1</math> gives <math>p\mid a_k</math>, similarly one has <math>p\mid a_i</math> for all <math>i</math>'s, that is <math>a_i</math>'s satisfy <math>p\mid a_i</math> and <math>q\mid a_i-1</math>, but there should be at most one such integer satisfies them within the range of <math>1,2,\ldots,n</math> for <math>n=pq</math> and <math>(p,q)=1</math>. A contradiction!!! | Note <math>q\mid a_2-1</math> implies <math>(q,a_2)=1</math> and hence <math>q\mid a_3-1</math>. Similarly one has <math>q\mid a_i-1</math> for all <math>i</math>'s, in particular, <math>p\mid a_1</math> and <math>q\mid a_1-1</math> force <math>(p,q)=1</math>. Now <math>(p,a_1-1)=1</math> gives <math>p\mid a_k</math>, similarly one has <math>p\mid a_i</math> for all <math>i</math>'s, that is <math>a_i</math>'s satisfy <math>p\mid a_i</math> and <math>q\mid a_i-1</math>, but there should be at most one such integer satisfies them within the range of <math>1,2,\ldots,n</math> for <math>n=pq</math> and <math>(p,q)=1</math>. A contradiction!!! | ||
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+ | == Solution 2 == | ||
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+ | Let <math>n = p_1^{b_1}p_2^{b_2} \cdots p_s^{b_s}</math>. Then after toying around with the <math>p_i^{b_i}</math> and what they divide, we have that <math>p_i^{b_i} \nmid a_k</math>, and so in particular, <math>n \nmid a_k</math>. | ||
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+ | Assume by way of contradiction that <math>n \mid a_k(a_1 - 1)</math>. Then <math>n \mid a_1 - 1</math>. Now we shift our view towards the <math>a_i(a_{i + 1} - 1)</math>. Here each <math>p_i^{b_i}</math> divides <math>a_i(a_{i + 1} - 1) \implies a_ia_{i + 1} \equiv a_i \pmod{p_i^{b_i}}</math>. Hence we have the chain of equivalences <math>a_1a_2 \equiv a_1 \pmod{p_i^{b_i}}, a_2a_3 \equiv a_2 \pmod{p_i^{b_i}}, \dots, a_{k - 1}a_k \equiv a_{k - 1} \pmod {p_i^{b_i}}</math>. Now we also have that <math>p_i^{b_i} \mid n \mid a_1 - 1</math>. Thus <math>a_1 \equiv 1 \pmod{p_i^{b_i}}</math>. Now plugging this value of <math>a_1</math> modulo <math>p_i^{b_i}</math>, we obtain that <math>a_1 \equiv a_2 \equiv a_3 \equiv \cdots a_k \equiv 1 \pmod{p_i^{b_i}}</math>. Hence this chain of congruences is also true for <math>n</math> as <math>p_i</math> was arbitrary. However as all the <math>a_i \in \{1, 2, \dots, n\}</math> we have that not all the <math>a_i</math> are distinct, and so this is a contradiction. | ||
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+ | ==See Also== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{IMO box|year=2009|before=First Problem|num-a=2}} |
Latest revision as of 01:16, 19 November 2023
Contents
Problem
Let be a positive integer and let
be distinct integers in the set
such that
divides
for
. Prove that
doesn't divide
.
Author: Ross Atkins, Australia
Solution
Let such that
and
. Suppose
divides
.
Note
implies
and hence
. Similarly one has
for all
's, in particular,
and
force
. Now
gives
, similarly one has
for all
's, that is
's satisfy
and
, but there should be at most one such integer satisfies them within the range of
for
and
. A contradiction!!!
Solution 2
Let . Then after toying around with the
and what they divide, we have that
, and so in particular,
.
Assume by way of contradiction that . Then
. Now we shift our view towards the
. Here each
divides
. Hence we have the chain of equivalences
. Now we also have that
. Thus
. Now plugging this value of
modulo
, we obtain that
. Hence this chain of congruences is also true for
as
was arbitrary. However as all the
we have that not all the
are distinct, and so this is a contradiction.
See Also
2009 IMO (Problems) • Resources | ||
Preceded by First Problem |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 | Followed by Problem 2 |
All IMO Problems and Solutions |