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Difference between revisions of "2022 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 15"

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== Solution 2 (Brahmagupta‘s Formula)==
 
== Solution 2 (Brahmagupta‘s Formula)==
  
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When we look at the side lengths of the quadrilateral we see <math>7</math> and <math>24,</math> which screams out <math>25</math> because of Pythagorean triplets. As a result, we can draw a line through points <math>A</math> and <math>C</math> to make a diameter of <math>25</math>. Since the diameter is <math>25,</math> we can see the area of the circle is just <math>\frac{625\pi}{4}</math> from the formula of the area of the circle with just a diameter.  
+
When we look at the side lengths of the quadrilateral we see <math>7</math> and <math>24,</math> which screams out <math>25</math> because of Pythagorean triplets. As a result, we can draw a line through points <math>A</math> and <math>C</math> to make a diameter of <math>25.</math> See Solution 1 for a rigorous proof.
 +
 
 +
This can also be shown using the Law of Cosines: Since <math>7^2+24^2-2\cdot7\cdot24\cdot\cos B=15^2+20^2-2\cdot15\cdot20\cdot\cos D</math> and <math>\cos B + \cos D = 0,</math> it follows that <math>\cos B = \cos D = 0.</math>
 +
 
 +
Since the diameter is <math>25,</math> we can see the area of the circle is just <math>\frac{625\pi}{4}</math> from the formula of the area of the circle with just a diameter.  
 
    
 
    
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*Then we can use Brahmagupta Formula,  <math>\sqrt{(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)(s - d)}</math> where <math>a,b,c,d</math> are side lengths, and s is semi-perimeter to find the area of the quadrilateral.  
+
Then we can use Brahmagupta Formula <math>\sqrt{(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)(s - d)}</math> where <math>a,b,c,d</math> are side lengths, and <math>s</math> is semi-perimeter to find the area of the quadrilateral.  
  
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If we just plug the values in, we get <math>\sqrt{54756}</math> which is <math>234</math>. So now the area of the region we are trying to find is <math>\frac{625\pi}{4} - 234</math> or it can be written as <math>\frac{625\pi-936}{4}</math>
+
If we just plug the values in, we get <math>\sqrt{54756}=234.</math> So now the area of the region we are trying to find is <math>\frac{625\pi}{4} - 234 = \frac{625\pi-936}{4}.</math>
  
 
Therefore, the answer is <math>a+b+c=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 1565}.</math>
 
Therefore, the answer is <math>a+b+c=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 1565}.</math>
  
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~Gdking
+
~Gdking ~Oinava
  
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== Solution 3 (if you didn't realize the diagonal was the diameter) ==
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== Solution 3 (Circumradius's Formula) ==
  
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We can observe that this quadrilateral is actually made of two right triangles: <math>\triangle CDA</math> has a <math>3-4-5</math> ratio in the side lengths, and <math>\triangle ABC</math> is a <math>7-24-25</math> triangle.  
+
We can guess that this quadrilateral is actually made of two right triangles: <math>\triangle CDA</math> has a <math>3 \text{-} 4 \text{-} 5</math> ratio in the side lengths, and <math>\triangle ABC</math> is a <math>7 \text{-} 24 \text{-} 25</math> triangle.  
 +
(See Solution 1 for a proof.)
  
 
Next, we can choose one of these triangles and use the circumradius formula to find the radius. Let's choose the <math>15-20-25</math> triangle. The area of the triangle is equal to the product of the side lengths divided by <math>4</math> times the circumradius. Therefore, <math>150 = \frac{15\cdot20\cdot25}{4r}</math>. Solving this simple algebraic equation gives us <math>r = \frac{25}{2}</math>.  
 
Next, we can choose one of these triangles and use the circumradius formula to find the radius. Let's choose the <math>15-20-25</math> triangle. The area of the triangle is equal to the product of the side lengths divided by <math>4</math> times the circumradius. Therefore, <math>150 = \frac{15\cdot20\cdot25}{4r}</math>. Solving this simple algebraic equation gives us <math>r = \frac{25}{2}</math>.  
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~[[OrenSH|orenbad]]
 
~[[OrenSH|orenbad]]
  
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== Video Solution ==
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==Video Solution 1==
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https://youtu.be/ZHuInvG82PY
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 +
~Education, the Study of Everything
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 +
== Video Solution 2==
 +
 
 +
https://youtu.be/Ov9AA7veKKk
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 +
== Video Solution 3==
  
 
https://youtu.be/x3DrtvR3sQ8
 
https://youtu.be/x3DrtvR3sQ8
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−
- Whiz
 
  
 
== See Also ==
 
== See Also ==

Revision as of 20:00, 21 February 2024

Problem

Quadrilateral $ABCD$ with side lengths $AB=7, BC=24, CD=20, DA=15$ is inscribed in a circle. The area interior to the circle but exterior to the quadrilateral can be written in the form $\frac{a\pi-b}{c},$ where $a,b,$ and $c$ are positive integers such that $a$ and $c$ have no common prime factor. What is $a+b+c?$

$\textbf{(A) } 260 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 855 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 1235 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 1565 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 1997$

Diagram

[asy] /* Made by MRENTHUSIASM */ size(200); pair O, A, B, C, D; O = origin; A = (-25/2,0); C = (25/2,0); B = intersectionpoints(Circle(A,7),Circle(C,24))[0]; D = intersectionpoints(Circle(A,15),Circle(C,20))[1]; fill(Circle(O,25/2),yellow); fill(A--B--C--D--cycle,white); dot("$A$",A,1.5*W,linewidth(4)); dot("$B$",B,1.5*dir(B),linewidth(4)); dot("$C$",C,1.5*E,linewidth(4)); dot("$D$",D,1.5*dir(D),linewidth(4)); dot(O,linewidth(4)); draw(Circle(O,25/2)); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); label("$7$",midpoint(A--B),rotate(90)*dir(midpoint(A--B)--A)); label("$24$",midpoint(B--C),rotate(-90)*dir(midpoint(B--C)--B)); label("$20$",midpoint(C--D),rotate(-90)*dir(midpoint(C--D)--C)); label("$15$",midpoint(D--A),rotate(90)*dir(midpoint(D--A)--D)); [/asy] ~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 1 (Inscribed Angle Theorem)

Opposite angles of every cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary, so \[\angle B + \angle D = 180^{\circ}.\] We claim that $AC=25.$ We can prove it by contradiction:

  • If $AC<25,$ then $\angle B$ and $\angle D$ are both acute angles. This arrives at a contradiction.
  • If $AC>25,$ then $\angle B$ and $\angle D$ are both obtuse angles. This arrives at a contradiction.

By the Inscribed Angle Theorem, we conclude that $\overline{AC}$ is the diameter of the circle. So, the radius of the circle is $r=\frac{AC}{2}=\frac{25}{2}.$

The area of the requested region is \[\pi r^2 - \frac12\cdot AB\cdot BC - \frac12\cdot AD\cdot DC = \frac{625\pi}{4}-\frac{168}{2}-\frac{300}{2}=\frac{625\pi-936}{4}.\] Therefore, the answer is $a+b+c=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 1565}.$

~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 2 (Brahmagupta‘s Formula)

When we look at the side lengths of the quadrilateral we see $7$ and $24,$ which screams out $25$ because of Pythagorean triplets. As a result, we can draw a line through points $A$ and $C$ to make a diameter of $25.$ See Solution 1 for a rigorous proof.

This can also be shown using the Law of Cosines: Since $7^2+24^2-2\cdot7\cdot24\cdot\cos B=15^2+20^2-2\cdot15\cdot20\cdot\cos D$ and $\cos B + \cos D = 0,$ it follows that $\cos B = \cos D = 0.$

Since the diameter is $25,$ we can see the area of the circle is just $\frac{625\pi}{4}$ from the formula of the area of the circle with just a diameter.

Then we can use Brahmagupta Formula $\sqrt{(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)(s - d)}$ where $a,b,c,d$ are side lengths, and $s$ is semi-perimeter to find the area of the quadrilateral.

If we just plug the values in, we get $\sqrt{54756}=234.$ So now the area of the region we are trying to find is $\frac{625\pi}{4} - 234 = \frac{625\pi-936}{4}.$

Therefore, the answer is $a+b+c=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 1565}.$

~Gdking ~Oinava

Solution 3 (Circumradius's Formula)

We can guess that this quadrilateral is actually made of two right triangles: $\triangle CDA$ has a $3 \text{-} 4 \text{-} 5$ ratio in the side lengths, and $\triangle ABC$ is a $7 \text{-} 24 \text{-} 25$ triangle. (See Solution 1 for a proof.)

Next, we can choose one of these triangles and use the circumradius formula to find the radius. Let's choose the $15-20-25$ triangle. The area of the triangle is equal to the product of the side lengths divided by $4$ times the circumradius. Therefore, $150 = \frac{15\cdot20\cdot25}{4r}$. Solving this simple algebraic equation gives us $r = \frac{25}{2}$.

Plugging in the values, we have $\frac{25}{2}^2\cdot\pi - \left(\frac{15\cdot20}{2}+\frac{7\cdot24}{2}\right) = \frac{625\cdot\pi}{4} - 234$. Rewriting this gives us $\frac{625\pi-936}{4}$.

Therefore, adding these values gets us $\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 1565}.$

~orenbad

Video Solution 1

https://youtu.be/ZHuInvG82PY

~Education, the Study of Everything

Video Solution 2

https://youtu.be/Ov9AA7veKKk

Video Solution 3

https://youtu.be/x3DrtvR3sQ8

See Also

2022 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 14 		Followed by
Problem 16
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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