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Difference between revisions of "2024 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 23"

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==Problem==
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A right pyramid has regular octagon <math>ABCDEFGH</math> with side length <math>1</math> as its base and apex <math>V.</math> Segments <math>\overline{AV}</math> and <math>\overline{DV}</math> are perpendicular. What is the square of the height of the pyramid?
  
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<math>\textbf{(A) }1 \qquad \textbf{(B) }\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2} \qquad \textbf{(C) }\sqrt2 \qquad \textbf{(D) }\frac32 \qquad \textbf{(E) }\frac{2+\sqrt2}{3} \qquad</math>
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==Solution 1==
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To find the height of the pyramid, we need the length from the center of the octagon (denote as <math>I</math>) to its vertices and the length of AV.
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From symmetry, we know that <math>\overline{AV} = \overline{DV}</math>, therefore <math>\triangle{AVD}</math> is a 45-45-90 triangle. Denote <math>\overline{AV}</math> as <math>x</math> so that <math>\overline{AD} = x\sqrt{2}</math>. Doing some geometry on the isosceles trapezoid <math>ABCD</math> (we know this from the fact that it is a regular octagon) reveals that <math>\overline{AD}=1+2(\sqrt{2}/2)=1+\sqrt{2}</math> and <math>\overline{AV}=(\overline{AD})/\sqrt{2}=(\sqrt{2}+2)/2</math>.
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To find the length <math>\overline{IA}</math>, we cut the octagon into 8 triangles, each witha smallest angle of 45 degrees. Using the law of cosines on <math>\triangle{AIB}</math> we find that <math>{\overline{IA}}^2=(2+\sqrt{2})/2</math>.
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Finally, using the pythagorean theorem, we can find that <math>{\overline{IV}}^2={\overline{AV}}^2-{\overline{IA}}^2= {((\sqrt{2}+2)/2)}^2 - (2+\sqrt{2})/2 = \boxed{(1+\sqrt{2})/2}</math> which is answer choice <math>\boxed{B}</math>.

Revision as of 03:28, 14 November 2024

Problem

A right pyramid has regular octagon $ABCDEFGH$ with side length $1$ as its base and apex $V.$ Segments $\overline{AV}$ and $\overline{DV}$ are perpendicular. What is the square of the height of the pyramid?

$\textbf{(A) }1 \qquad \textbf{(B) }\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2} \qquad \textbf{(C) }\sqrt2 \qquad \textbf{(D) }\frac32 \qquad \textbf{(E) }\frac{2+\sqrt2}{3} \qquad$


Solution 1

To find the height of the pyramid, we need the length from the center of the octagon (denote as $I$) to its vertices and the length of AV.

From symmetry, we know that $\overline{AV} = \overline{DV}$, therefore $\triangle{AVD}$ is a 45-45-90 triangle. Denote $\overline{AV}$ as $x$ so that $\overline{AD} = x\sqrt{2}$. Doing some geometry on the isosceles trapezoid $ABCD$ (we know this from the fact that it is a regular octagon) reveals that $\overline{AD}=1+2(\sqrt{2}/2)=1+\sqrt{2}$ and $\overline{AV}=(\overline{AD})/\sqrt{2}=(\sqrt{2}+2)/2$.

To find the length $\overline{IA}$, we cut the octagon into 8 triangles, each witha smallest angle of 45 degrees. Using the law of cosines on $\triangle{AIB}$ we find that ${\overline{IA}}^2=(2+\sqrt{2})/2$.

Finally, using the pythagorean theorem, we can find that ${\overline{IV}}^2={\overline{AV}}^2-{\overline{IA}}^2= {((\sqrt{2}+2)/2)}^2 - (2+\sqrt{2})/2 = \boxed{(1+\sqrt{2})/2}$ which is answer choice $\boxed{B}$.

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