Difference between revisions of "LaTeX:Symbols"
I like pie (talk | contribs) m (→Accents) |
(Added Command Symbols, European Language Symbols and few symbols in Others) |
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!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | !Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\ | + | |<math>\ldots2 </math>||\ldots 2||<math>\vdots</math>||\vdots||<math>\cdots 2</math>||\cdots 2||<math>\ddots</math>||\ddots |
|} | |} | ||
(The '2's after \ldots and \cdots are only present to make the distinction between the two clear.) | (The '2's after \ldots and \cdots are only present to make the distinction between the two clear.) | ||
Line 218: | Line 218: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Image:Spadesuit.gif]]||\spadesuit||<math>\Join</math>||\Join||<math>\blacksquare</math>||\blacksquare | |[[Image:Spadesuit.gif]]||\spadesuit||<math>\Join</math>||\Join||<math>\blacksquare</math>||\blacksquare | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\S</math>||\S||<math>\P</math>||\P||<math>\copyright</math>||\copyright | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\pounds</math>||\pounds | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Command Symbols== | ||
+ | Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way | ||
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\</math>||<nowiki>$</nowiki>||<math>\&</math>||\&||<math>\%</math>||\%||<math>\#</math>||\# | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>\_</math>||\_||<math>\{</math>||\{||<math>\}</math>||\}||<math>\backslash</math>||\backslash | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==European Language Symbols== | ||
+ | {| class="latextable" | ||
+ | !Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command!!Symbol!!Command | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>{\oe}</math>||{\oe}||<math>{\ae}</math>||{\ae}||<math>{\aa}</math>||{\aa}||<math>{\o}</math>||{\o} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>{\OE}</math>||{\OE}||<math>{\AE}</math>||{\AE}||<math>{\AA}</math>||{\AA}||<math>{\O}</math>||{\O} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>{\l}</math>||{\l}||<math>{\ss}</math>||{\ss}||<math>\text{!`}</math>||!` | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<math>{\L}</math>||{\L}||<math>{\SS}</math>||{\SS}||<math>\text{?`}</math>||?` | ||
|} | |} | ||
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You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like | You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like | ||
− | :<tt> | + | :<tt>(\frac{a}{x} )^2</tt> |
the parentheses don't come out the right size: | the parentheses don't come out the right size: | ||
Line 243: | Line 270: | ||
If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression: | If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression: | ||
− | :<tt> | + | :<tt>\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2</tt> |
gives | gives | ||
Line 259: | Line 286: | ||
==Multi-Size Symbols== | ==Multi-Size Symbols== | ||
− | Some symbols render differently in regular math mode and in display mode (display mode occurs when you use | + | Some symbols render differently in regular math mode and in display mode (display mode occurs when you use, <nowiki>$$...$$</nowiki>, or <cmath>...</cmath>). Read more in the [[LaTeX:Commands|commands]] section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes. |
In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in regular mode, then in display mode. | In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in regular mode, then in display mode. | ||
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!Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command | !Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command!!Symbol !! Command | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\textstyle\sum | + | |<math>\textstyle\sum \sum</math>||\sum||<math>\textstyle\int \int</math>||\int||<math>\textstyle\oint \oint</math>||\oint |
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\textstyle\prod | + | |<math>\textstyle\prod \prod</math>||\prod||<math>\textstyle\coprod \coprod</math>||\coprod||<math>\textstyle\bigcap \bigcap</math>||\bigcap |
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\textstyle\bigcup | + | |<math>\textstyle\bigcup \bigcup</math>||\bigcup||<math>\textstyle\bigsqcup \bigsqcup</math>||\bigsqcup||<math>\textstyle\bigvee \bigvee</math>||\bigvee |
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\textstyle\bigwedge | + | |<math>\textstyle\bigwedge \bigwedge</math>||\bigwedge||<math>\textstyle\bigodot \bigodot</math>||\bigodot||<math>\textstyle\bigotimes \bigotimes</math>||\bigotimes |
|- | |- | ||
− | |<math>\textstyle\bigoplus | + | |<math>\textstyle\bigoplus \bigoplus</math>||\bigoplus||<math>\textstyle\biguplus \biguplus</math>||\biguplus |
|} | |} | ||
(The two integral symbols render fine in a full LaTeX document .) | (The two integral symbols render fine in a full LaTeX document .) |
Revision as of 17:50, 21 July 2008
LaTeX |
About - Getting Started - Diagrams - Symbols - Downloads - Basics - Math - Examples - Pictures - Layout - Commands - Packages - Help |
This article will provide a short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols.
Contents
[hide]Operators
Relations
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\le | \ge | \neq | |||
\sim | \ll | \gg | |||
\doteq | \simeq | \subset | |||
\supset | \approx | \asymp | |||
\subseteq | \supseteq | \cong | |||
\smile | \sqsubset | \sqsupset | |||
\equiv | \frown | \sqsubseteq | |||
\sqsupseteq | \propto | \bowtie | |||
\in | \ni | \prec | |||
\succ | \vdash | \dashv | |||
\preceq | \succeq | \models | |||
\perp | \parallel | \| | |||
\mid |
Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\nmid | \nleq | \ngeq | |||
\nsim | \ncong | \nparallel | |||
\not< | \not> | \not= | |||
\not\le | \not\ge | \not\sim | |||
\not\approx | \not\cong | \not\equiv | |||
\not\parallel | \nless | \ngtr | |||
\lneq | \gneq | \lnsim | |||
\lneqq | \gneqq |
Greek Letters
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\alpha | \beta | \gamma | \delta | ||||
\epsilon | \varepsilon | \zeta | \eta | ||||
\theta | \vartheta | \iota | \kappa | ||||
\lambda | \mu | \nu | \xi | ||||
\pi | \varpi | \rho | \varrho | ||||
\sigma | \varsigma | \tau | \upsilon | ||||
\phi | \varphi | \chi | \psi | ||||
\omega |
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\Gamma | \Delta | \Theta | \Lambda | ||||
\Xi | \Pi | \Sigma | \Upsilon | ||||
\Phi | \Psi |
Arrows
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\gets | \to | ||
\leftarrow | \Leftarrow | ||
\rightarrow | \Rightarrow | ||
\leftrightarrow | \Leftrightarrow | ||
\mapsto | \hookleftarrow | ||
\leftharpoonup | \leftharpoondown | ||
\rightleftharpoons | \longleftarrow | ||
\Longleftarrow | \longrightarrow | ||
\Longrightarrow | \longleftrightarrow | ||
\Longleftrightarrow | \longmapsto | ||
\hookrightarrow | \rightharpoonup | ||
\rightharpoondown | \leadsto | ||
\uparrow | \Uparrow | ||
\downarrow | \Downarrow | ||
\updownarrow | \Updownarrow | ||
\nearrow | \searrow | ||
\swarrow | \nwarrow |
Dots
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\ldots 2 | \vdots | \cdots 2 | \ddots |
(The '2's after \ldots and \cdots are only present to make the distinction between the two clear.)
Accents
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\hat{x} | \check{x} | \dot{x} | |||
\breve{x} | \acute{x} | \ddot{x} | |||
\grave{x} | \tilde{x} | \mathring{x} | |||
\bar{x} | \vec{x} |
When applying accents to i and j, you can use \imath and \jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\vec{\jmath} | \tilde{\imath} |
\tilde and \hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|
\widehat{3+x} | \widetilde{abc} |
Others
Command Symbols
Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$ | \& | \% | \# | ||||
\_ | \{ | \} | \backslash |
European Language Symbols
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{\oe} | {\ae} | ${\aa}$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg) | {\aa} | {\o} | |||
{\OE} | {\AE} | {\AA} | {\O} | ||||
{\l} | {\ss} | !` | |||||
{\L} | {\SS} | ?` |
Bracketing Symbols
In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets or braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you'd imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\{ | \} | \| | |||
\backslash | \lfloor | \rfloor | |||
\lceil | \rceil | \langle | |||
\rangle |
You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like
- (\frac{a}{x} )^2
the parentheses don't come out the right size:
If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:
- \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2
gives
\left and \right can also be used to resize the following symbols:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\uparrow | \downarrow | \updownarrow | |||
\Uparrow | \Downarrow | \Updownarrow |
Multi-Size Symbols
Some symbols render differently in regular math mode and in display mode (display mode occurs when you use, $$...$$, or ). Read more in the commands section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes.
In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in regular mode, then in display mode.
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\sum | \int | \oint | |||
\prod | \coprod | \bigcap | |||
\bigcup | \bigsqcup | \bigvee | |||
\bigwedge | \bigodot | \bigotimes | |||
\bigoplus | \biguplus |
(The two integral symbols render fine in a full LaTeX document .)
Examples
- x^y is the same as x^{y}.
- x_y is the same as x_{y}.
- BUT x^10 is not the same as x^{10}. instead of .