Difference between revisions of "1996 AHSME Problems/Problem 30"
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+ | ==Problem== | ||
+ | A hexagon inscribed in a circle has three consecutive sides each of length 3 and three consecutive sides each of length 5. The chord of the circle that divides the hexagon into two trapezoids, one with three sides each of length 3 and the other with three sides each of length 5, has length equal to <math>m/n</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m + n</math>. | ||
+ | <math>\textbf{(A)}</math> 309 <math>\textbf{(B)}</math> 349 <math>\textbf{(C)}</math> 369 <math>\textbf{(D)}</math> 389 <math>\textbf{(E)}</math> 409 | ||
+ | ==Solution== | ||
+ | All angle measures are in degrees. | ||
+ | Let the first trapezoid be <math>ABCD</math>, where <math>AB=BC=CD=3</math>. Then the second trapezoid is <math>AFED</math>, where <math>AF=FE=ED=5</math>. We look for <math>AD</math>. | ||
+ | Since <math>ABCD</math> is an isosceles trapezoid, we know that <math>\angle BAD=\angle CDA</math> and, since <math>AB=BC</math>, if we drew <math>AC</math>, we would see <math>\angle BCA=\angle BAC</math>. Anyway, <math>\widehat{AB}=\widehat{BC}=\widehat{CD}</math> (I couldn't find a better symbol; <math>\widehat{AB}</math> means arc AB). Using similar reasoning, <math>\widehat{AF}=\widehat{FE}=\widehat{ED}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>\widehat{AB}=2\phi</math> and <math>\widehat{AF}=2\theta</math>. Since <math>6\theta+6\phi=360</math> (add up the angles), <math>2\theta+2\phi=120</math> and thus <math>\widehat{AB}+\widehat{AF}=\widehat{BF}=120</math>. Therefore, <math>\angle FAB=\frac{1}{2}\widehat{BDF}=\frac{1}{2}(240)=120</math>. <math>\angle CDE=120</math> as well. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now I focus on triangle <math>FAB</math>. By the Law of Cosines, <math>BF^2=3^2+5^2-30\cos{120}=9+25+15=49</math>, so <math>BF=7</math>. Seeing <math>\angle ABF=\theta</math> and <math>\angle AFB=\phi</math>, we can now use the Law of Sines to get: | ||
+ | <cmath>\sin{\phi}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{14}\;\text{and}\;\sin{\theta}=\frac{5\sqrt{3}}{14}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now I focus on triangle <math>AFD</math>. <math>\angle AFD=3\phi</math> and <math>\angle ADF=\theta</math>, and we are given that <math>AF=5</math>, so | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{\sin{\theta}}{5}=\frac{\sin{3\phi}}{AD}.</cmath> | ||
+ | We know <math>\sin{\theta}=\frac{5\sqrt{3}}{14}</math>, but we need to find <math>\sin{3\phi}</math>. Using various identities, we see | ||
+ | <cmath>\begin{align*}\sin{3\phi}&=\sin{(\phi+2\phi)}=\sin{\phi}\cos{2\phi}+\cos{\phi}\sin{2\phi}\ | ||
+ | &=\sin{\phi}(1-2\sin^2{\phi})+2\sin{\phi}\cos^2{\phi}\ | ||
+ | &=\sin{\phi}\left(1-2\sin^2{\phi}+2(1-\sin^2{\phi})\right)\ | ||
+ | &=\sin{\phi}(3-4\sin^2{\phi})\ | ||
+ | &=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{14}\left(3-\frac{27}{49}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{14}\left(\frac{120}{49}\right)=\frac{180\sqrt{3}}{343} | ||
+ | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
+ | Returning to finding <math>AD</math>, we remember <cmath>\frac{\sin{\theta}}{5}=\frac{\sin{3\phi}}{AD}\;\text{so}\;AD=\frac{5\sin{3\phi}}{\sin{\theta}}.</cmath> | ||
+ | Plugging in and solving, we see <math>AD=\frac{360}{49}</math>; <math>\boxed{49}</math>; <math>\boxed{\mathbb E}</math>. |
Revision as of 13:34, 4 August 2011
Problem
A hexagon inscribed in a circle has three consecutive sides each of length 3 and three consecutive sides each of length 5. The chord of the circle that divides the hexagon into two trapezoids, one with three sides each of length 3 and the other with three sides each of length 5, has length equal to , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find . 309 349 369 389 409
Solution
All angle measures are in degrees. Let the first trapezoid be , where . Then the second trapezoid is , where . We look for .
Since is an isosceles trapezoid, we know that and, since , if we drew , we would see . Anyway, (I couldn't find a better symbol; means arc AB). Using similar reasoning, .
Let and . Since (add up the angles), and thus . Therefore, . as well.
Now I focus on triangle . By the Law of Cosines, , so . Seeing and , we can now use the Law of Sines to get:
Now I focus on triangle . and , and we are given that , so We know , but we need to find . Using various identities, we see Returning to finding , we remember Plugging in and solving, we see ; ; .