Difference between revisions of "Gossard perspector"
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In <math>1765</math> Leonhard Euler proved that in any triangle, the orthocenter, circumcenter and centroid are collinear. We name this line the Euler line. Soon he proved that the Euler line of a given triangle together with two of its sides forms a triangle whose Euler line is in parallel with the third side of the given triangle. | In <math>1765</math> Leonhard Euler proved that in any triangle, the orthocenter, circumcenter and centroid are collinear. We name this line the Euler line. Soon he proved that the Euler line of a given triangle together with two of its sides forms a triangle whose Euler line is in parallel with the third side of the given triangle. | ||
− | Professor Harry Clinton Gossard in <math>1916</math> proved that three Euler lines of the triangles formed by the Euler line and the sides, taken by two, of a given triangle, form a triangle which is perspective with the given triangle and has the same Euler line. The center of the perspective now is known as the Gossard perspector or the Kimberling point <math>X(402).</math> | + | Professor Harry Clinton Gossard in <math>1916</math> proved that three Euler lines of the triangles formed by the Euler line and the sides, taken by two, of a given triangle, form a triangle which is perspective with the given triangle and has the same Euler line. The center of the perspective now is known as the Gossard perspector or the Kimberling point <math>X(402).</math> It is the crosspoint of Gauss line and Euler line. |
Let triangle <math>\triangle ABC</math> be given. The Euler line crosses lines <math>AB, BC,</math> and <math>AC</math> at points <math>D, E,</math> and <math>F.</math> | Let triangle <math>\triangle ABC</math> be given. The Euler line crosses lines <math>AB, BC,</math> and <math>AC</math> at points <math>D, E,</math> and <math>F.</math> | ||
Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
Let Gossard triangle <math>A'B'C'</math> be defined as described above. | Let Gossard triangle <math>A'B'C'</math> be defined as described above. | ||
− | Prove that <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> | + | Prove that <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> and <math>\triangle ABC</math> are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point <math>X,</math> the Euler line of <math>\triangle A'B'C' </math> coincide with the Euler line of <math>\triangle ABC.</math> |
<i><b>Proof</b></i> | <i><b>Proof</b></i> | ||
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The Euler line of <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> is symmetric to the Euler line of <math>\triangle ABC</math> with respect to <math>X.</math> Therefore these lines coincide. | The Euler line of <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> is symmetric to the Euler line of <math>\triangle ABC</math> with respect to <math>X.</math> Therefore these lines coincide. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Zeeman’s Generalisation== | ||
+ | [[File:Generalization 1.png|500px|right]] | ||
+ | Let <math>l</math> be any line parallel to the Euler line of non equilateral triangle <math>ABC.</math> Let <math>l</math> intersect the sidelines <math>AB, CA, BC</math> of <math>\triangle ABC</math> at points <math>D, E, F,</math> respectively. Let <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> be the triangle formed by the Euler lines (as in previous sections) of the triangles <math>\triangle ADE, \triangle BDF,</math> and <math>\triangle CEF.</math> Let the point <math>X</math> be the centroid of the set of points <math>A, B, C, D, E, F.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Then <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> and <math>\triangle ABC</math> are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point <math>X,</math> the Euler line of <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> coincide with the line <math>DE</math> and the point <math>X</math> is equidistant from the Euler lines. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In this case <math>X</math> usually called the Zeeman–Gossard perspector. | ||
+ | |||
+ | One can prove this claim using the method of previous section. | ||
+ | '''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' | ||
+ | ==Paul Yiu's Generalization== | ||
+ | [[File:Yu generalization.png|500px|right]] | ||
+ | Let <math>P</math> be any point in the plane of non equilateral triangle <math>ABC</math> different from its centroid <math>G.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let the line <math>PG</math> meet the sidelines <math>AB, CA,</math> and <math>BC</math> at <math>D, E,</math> and <math>D,</math> respectively. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let the centroids of the triangles <math>AED, BDF,</math> and <math>CFE</math> be <math>Ga, Gb,</math> and <math>Gc,</math> respectively. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>Pa</math> be a point such that <math>EPa</math> is parallel to <math>CP</math> and <math>DPa</math> is parallel to <math>BP.</math> | ||
+ | Symilarly, <math>Pb: DPb||AP, FPb||CP, Pc: FPc||BP, EPc||AP.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> be the triangle formed by the lines <math>GaPa, GbPb,</math> and <math>GcPc.</math> | ||
+ | Let the point <math>X</math> be the centroid of the set of points <math>A, B, C, D, E, F.</math> | ||
+ | Then <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> and <math>\triangle ABC</math> are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point <math>X,</math> the points <math>P, G,</math> and <math>G'</math> are collinear. | ||
+ | |||
+ | One can prove this claim using the method of previous section. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The points <math>P, Pa, Pb,</math> and <math>Pc</math> are collinear. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' | ||
+ | == Dao Thanh Oai's Generalization== | ||
+ | [[File:Generalization.png|400px|right]] | ||
+ | Let triangle <math>ABC</math> and line <math>\ell,</math> non parallel to sidelines be given. Let line <math>\ell</math> meets sidelines <math>AB, AC, BC</math> of <math>\triangle ABC</math> at points <math>D, E, F,</math> respectively. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>Q \in \ell.</math> Let <math>K, L, M</math> be the points such that <math>QA||EM||DL, QB||KD||FM, QC||KE||FL.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Similarly define points <math>P \in \ell, K_0, L_0, M_0.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let triangle <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> be the triangle formed by the lines <math>KK_0, LL_0, MM_0.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Prove that <math>\triangle A'B'C'</math> and <math>\triangle ABC</math> are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center lies on <math>\ell.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <i><b>Proof</b></i> | ||
+ | [[File:Dao Generalization.png|400px|right]] | ||
+ | Let <math>G</math> and <math>G_0</math> be the midpoints <math>BE</math> and <math>CD,</math> respectively. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>X</math> be the crosspoint of <math>\ell</math> and Gauss line <math>GG_0.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>A', B', C', D', E',</math> and <math>K'</math> be the points simmetric to <math>A, B, C, D, E,</math> and <math>K</math> with respect to <math>X,</math> respectively. | ||
+ | |||
+ | We will prove that <math>K' \in BC</math> which means that <math>K \in B'C' \implies K_0 \in BC, L \in AC</math> and so on. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>G</math> midpoint <math>BE, X</math> midpoint <math>EE' \implies GX||BE'.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>G_0</math> midpoint <math>DC, X</math> midpoint <math>DD' \implies G_0X||CD' \implies BE'||CD'.</math> | ||
+ | <math>KD||K'D'||BQ, KE||K'E'||CQ, CD'||BE', Q \in D'E' \implies K' \in BC</math> according the Claim. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <i><b>Claim (Parallel lines in trapezium)</b></i> | ||
+ | [[File:Pappus.png|300px|right]] | ||
+ | [[File:Pappus non convex.png|300px|right]] | ||
+ | Let <math>ABCD</math> be the quadrungle such that <math>AD||BC.</math> | ||
+ | Let <math>M \in AB, MD||BN, AN||CM.</math> | ||
+ | Prove that point <math>N</math> lyes on <math>CD.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <i><b>Proof</b></i> | ||
+ | |||
+ | We prove Claim in the case <math>AB</math> non parallel to <math>CD.</math> | ||
+ | Denote <math>Q = AB \cap CD.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>AD||BC \implies \frac {QB}{QA}= \frac{QC}{QD}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>BN||MD</math> cross <math>CD</math> at <math>N.</math> Then <math>\frac {QN}{QD}=\frac {QB}{QM}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\frac {QC}{QN} = \frac {QC}{QD} \cdot \frac {QD}{QN} = \frac {QB}{QA} \cdot \frac {QM}{QB} = \frac {QM}{QA} \implies AN||CM.</cmath> | ||
+ | The Claim is correct in the case of non convex <math>ABCD.</math> One can simplify the proof of Dao Generalization using this variant of the Claim. | ||
'''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' | '''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' |
Latest revision as of 05:44, 19 January 2023
Contents
- 1 Gossard perspector X(402) and Gossard triangle
- 2 Gossard perspector of right triangle
- 3 Gossard perspector and Gossard triangle for isosceles triangle
- 4 Euler line of the triangle formed by the Euler line and the sides of a given triangle
- 5 Gossard triangle for triangle with angle 60
- 6 Gossard triangle for triangle with angle 120
- 7 Gossard perspector
- 8 Zeeman’s Generalisation
- 9 Paul Yiu's Generalization
- 10 Dao Thanh Oai's Generalization
Gossard perspector X(402) and Gossard triangle
In Leonhard Euler proved that in any triangle, the orthocenter, circumcenter and centroid are collinear. We name this line the Euler line. Soon he proved that the Euler line of a given triangle together with two of its sides forms a triangle whose Euler line is in parallel with the third side of the given triangle.
Professor Harry Clinton Gossard in proved that three Euler lines of the triangles formed by the Euler line and the sides, taken by two, of a given triangle, form a triangle which is perspective with the given triangle and has the same Euler line. The center of the perspective now is known as the Gossard perspector or the Kimberling point It is the crosspoint of Gauss line and Euler line.
Let triangle be given. The Euler line crosses lines and at points and
On it was found that the Gossard perspector is the centroid of the points
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Gossard perspector of right triangle
It is clear that the Euler line of right triangle meet the sidelines and of at and where is the midpoint of
Let be the triangle formed by the Euler lines of the and the line contains and parallel to the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and
We call the triangle as the Gossard triangle of
Let be any right triangle and let be its Gossard triangle. Then the lines and are concurrent. We call the point of concurrence as the Gossard perspector of
is the midpoint of is orthocenter of is circumcenter of so is midpoint of
is the midpoint is the midpoint with coefficient
Any right triangle and its Gossard triangle are congruent.
Any right triangle and its Gossard triangle have the same Euler line.
The Gossard triangle of the right is the reflection of in the Gossard perspector.
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Gossard perspector and Gossard triangle for isosceles triangle
It is clear that the Euler line of isosceles meet the sidelines and of at and where is the midpoint of
Let be the triangle formed by the Euler lines of the and the line contains and parallel to the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and
We call the triangle as the Gossard triangle of
Let be any isosceles triangle and let be its Gossard triangle. Then the lines and are concurrent. We call the point of concurrence as the Gossard perspector of Let be the orthocenter of be the circumcenter of
It is clear that is the midpoint of is the midpoint is the midpoint
with coefficient
Any isosceles triangle and its Gossard triangle are congruent.
Any isosceles triangle and its Gossard triangle have the same Euler line.
The Gossard triangle of the isosceles is the reflection of in the Gossard perspector. Denote
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Euler line of the triangle formed by the Euler line and the sides of a given triangle
Let the Euler line of meet the lines and at and respectively.
Euler line of the is parallel to Similarly, Euler line of the is parallel to Euler line of the is parallel to
Proof
Denote smaller angles between the Euler line and lines and as and respectively. WLOG, It is known that
Let be circumcenter of be Euler line of (line).
Similarly, Suppose, which means and In this case
Similarly one can prove the claim in the other cases.
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Gossard triangle for triangle with angle 60
Let of the triangle be Let the Euler line of meet the lines and at points and respectively. Prove that is an equilateral triangle.
Proof
Denote It is known that
Therefore is equilateral triangle.
Let be the triangle formed by the Euler lines of the and the line contains centroid of the and parallel to the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler lines of the and
We call the triangle as the Gossard triangle of the
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Gossard triangle for triangle with angle 120
Let of the triangle be Let the Euler line of meet the lines and at points and respectively. Then is an equilateral triangle.
One can prove this claim using the same formulae as in the case
Let be the triangle formed by the Euler lines of the and the line contains centroid of the and parallel to the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler line of the and the vertex being the intersection of the Euler lines of the and
We call the triangle as the Gossard triangle of the
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Gossard perspector
Let non equilateral triangle be given. The Euler line of crosses lines and at points and respectively.
Let the point be the centroid of the set of points
Let Gossard triangle be defined as described above.
Prove that and are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point the Euler line of coincide with the Euler line of
Proof
Denote and centroids of the triangles and respectively. It is clear that Euler line.
Let point be symmetric to the point with respect to the point
Similarly we define points and Similarly and
the crosspoints of lines and are symmetric to the crosspoints of lines and therefore points and are symmetric to points and with respect to the point is the Gossard perspector of the
It is clear that the Gossard perspector lyes on Euler line of the and is congruent to .
The Euler line of is symmetric to the Euler line of with respect to Therefore these lines coincide.
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Zeeman’s Generalisation
Let be any line parallel to the Euler line of non equilateral triangle Let intersect the sidelines of at points respectively. Let be the triangle formed by the Euler lines (as in previous sections) of the triangles and Let the point be the centroid of the set of points
Then and are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point the Euler line of coincide with the line and the point is equidistant from the Euler lines.
In this case usually called the Zeeman–Gossard perspector.
One can prove this claim using the method of previous section. vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss
Paul Yiu's Generalization
Let be any point in the plane of non equilateral triangle different from its centroid
Let the line meet the sidelines and at and respectively.
Let the centroids of the triangles and be and respectively.
Let be a point such that is parallel to and is parallel to Symilarly,
Let be the triangle formed by the lines and Let the point be the centroid of the set of points Then and are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center is the point the points and are collinear.
One can prove this claim using the method of previous section.
The points and are collinear.
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Dao Thanh Oai's Generalization
Let triangle and line non parallel to sidelines be given. Let line meets sidelines of at points respectively.
Let Let be the points such that
Similarly define points
Let triangle be the triangle formed by the lines
Prove that and are homothetic and congruent, and the homothetic center lies on
Proof
Let and be the midpoints and respectively.
Let be the crosspoint of and Gauss line
Let and be the points simmetric to and with respect to respectively.
We will prove that which means that and so on.
midpoint midpoint
midpoint midpoint according the Claim.
Claim (Parallel lines in trapezium)
Let be the quadrungle such that Let Prove that point lyes on
Proof
We prove Claim in the case non parallel to Denote
Let cross at Then
The Claim is correct in the case of non convex One can simplify the proof of Dao Generalization using this variant of the Claim.
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