Difference between revisions of "2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems"
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− | Note to all: all figures can be found [https://doc-08-cc-prod-01-apps-viewer.googleusercontent.com/viewer2/prod-01/pdf/5iqh8eq79rq1gs669bd1asn9cnc7dm1e/h5dvatqbt5avffk4aoilojf7nfd5rgg6/1678337775000/3/110546807795006377675/APznzaYEZclf5wMNutxvC1Y1U2GbKn1qDwEivEdyA0BlZOAyXqh0HMA-KPr5ndXc2tqUBD6yv7m-H4DcZ02JSrBEyOtxv5roJcT5jSmphSckwNWdLwRBCTAQmE4pKEx-kyCL8alcScXfixSmLpHl_KvFbrYzXf5WeLIREUAzNSfkzyKorMzu7V7CjhjRM5Qn_SI6xKm1cTbXVDn7sRIp9-4IsLKqc8x3Ecvnifrsqzur7Gtj3WnmNRNBQWsH9GN5550tgjh7qqARZa7B2bQ8CfjoXGe7PZN5h3qYXZ6LOreGvdOlt0tL6lMYXJEOdYv0fzlx-kOpoP6JJAisAdy23mKZZCGIGU_feUePztOco3QuUmNf3fIodik=?authuser=0&nonce=ial8h6qa099ic&user=110546807795006377675&hash=gkkuvej9jksp1bf0oq2dbuur2bk0nbhp| here] (Don't have time. If you can do an | + | Note to all: all figures can be found [https://doc-08-cc-prod-01-apps-viewer.googleusercontent.com/viewer2/prod-01/pdf/5iqh8eq79rq1gs669bd1asn9cnc7dm1e/h5dvatqbt5avffk4aoilojf7nfd5rgg6/1678337775000/3/110546807795006377675/APznzaYEZclf5wMNutxvC1Y1U2GbKn1qDwEivEdyA0BlZOAyXqh0HMA-KPr5ndXc2tqUBD6yv7m-H4DcZ02JSrBEyOtxv5roJcT5jSmphSckwNWdLwRBCTAQmE4pKEx-kyCL8alcScXfixSmLpHl_KvFbrYzXf5WeLIREUAzNSfkzyKorMzu7V7CjhjRM5Qn_SI6xKm1cTbXVDn7sRIp9-4IsLKqc8x3Ecvnifrsqzur7Gtj3WnmNRNBQWsH9GN5550tgjh7qqARZa7B2bQ8CfjoXGe7PZN5h3qYXZ6LOreGvdOlt0tL6lMYXJEOdYv0fzlx-kOpoP6JJAisAdy23mKZZCGIGU_feUePztOco3QuUmNf3fIodik=?authuser=0&nonce=ial8h6qa099ic&user=110546807795006377675&hash=gkkuvej9jksp1bf0oq2dbuur2bk0nbhp| here] (Don't have time. If you can do an asymptote, please do) |
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__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Problem 1 == | == Problem 1 == | ||
− | Let <math>a@ b</math> = <math>\frac{a}{2a+b}</math>. What is the value of <math>5@3</math>? Express your answer as a common fraction. | + | Let <math>a@b</math> = <math>\frac{a}{2a+b}</math>. What is the value of <math>5@3</math>? Express your answer as a common fraction. |
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 1 | Solution]] | ||
== Problem 2 == | == Problem 2 == | ||
How many rectangles of any size are in the grid shown here? | How many rectangles of any size are in the grid shown here? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 2 | Solution]] | ||
== Problem 3 == | == Problem 3 == | ||
− | Given 7x + 13 = 328, what is the value of 14x + 13? | + | Given <math>7x+13=328</math>, what is the value of <math>14x+13</math>? |
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 3 | Solution]] | ||
== Problem 4 == | == Problem 4 == | ||
− | What is the median of the positive perfect squares less than | + | What is the median of the positive perfect squares less than <math>250</math>? |
− | + | ||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 4 | Solution]] | ||
== Problem 5 == | == Problem 5 == | ||
− | + | If <math>\frac{x+5}{x-2}=\frac{2}{3}</math>, what is the value of <math>x</math>? | |
− | + | ||
− | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 5 | Solution]] | |
== Problem 6 == | == Problem 6 == | ||
− | A bag contains 4 blue, 5 green and 3 red marbles. How many green marbles | + | In rectangle <math>TUVW</math>, shown here, <math>WX=4</math> units, <math>XY=2</math> units, <math>YV=1</math> unit and |
− | must be added to the bag so that 75 percent of the marbles are green? | + | <math>UV=6</math> units. What is the absolute difference between the areas of triangles <math>TXZ</math> |
+ | and <math>UYZ</math>? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 6 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 7 == | ||
+ | A bag contains <math>4</math> blue, <math>5</math> green and <math>3</math> red marbles. How many green marbles | ||
+ | must be added to the bag so that <math>75</math> percent of the marbles are green? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 7 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 8 == | ||
MD rides a three wheeled motorcycle called a trike. MD has a spare tire for his | MD rides a three wheeled motorcycle called a trike. MD has a spare tire for his | ||
trike and wants to occasionally swap out his tires so that all four will | trike and wants to occasionally swap out his tires so that all four will | ||
− | have been used for the same distance as he drives | + | have been used for the same distance as he drives <math>25000</math> miles. |
How many miles will each tire drive? | How many miles will each tire drive? | ||
− | Lucy and her father share the same birthday. When Lucy turned 15 her father | + | |
− | turned 3 times her age. On their birthday this year, Lucy’s father turned exactly | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 8 | Solution]] |
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 9 == | ||
+ | Lucy and her father share the same birthday. When Lucy turned <math>15</math> her father | ||
+ | turned <math>3</math> times her age. On their birthday this year, Lucy’s father turned exactly | ||
twice as old as she turned. How old did Lucy turn this year? | twice as old as she turned. How old did Lucy turn this year? | ||
− | The sum of three distinct 2-digit primes is 53. Two of the primes have a units | + | |
− | digit of 3, and the other prime has a units digit of 7. What is the greatest of the | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 9 | Solution]] |
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 10 == | ||
+ | The sum of three distinct <math>2</math>-digit primes is <math>53</math>. Two of the primes have a units | ||
+ | digit of <math>3</math>, and the other prime has a units digit of <math>7</math>. What is the greatest of the | ||
three primes? | three primes? | ||
− | Ross and Max have a combined weight of 184 pounds. Ross and Seth have a | + | |
− | combined weight of 197 pounds. Max and Seth have a combined weight of | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 10 | Solution]] |
− | 189 pounds. How many pounds does Ross weigh? | + | |
+ | == Problem 11 == | ||
+ | Ross and Max have a combined weight of <math>184</math> pounds. Ross and Seth have a | ||
+ | combined weight of <math>197</math> pounds. Max and Seth have a combined weight of | ||
+ | <math>189</math> pounds. How many pounds does Ross weigh? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 11 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 12 == | ||
What is the least possible denominator of a positive rational number whose | What is the least possible denominator of a positive rational number whose | ||
− | repeating decimal representation is 0.AB , where A and B are distinct digits? | + | repeating decimal representation is <math>0.\overline{AB}</math>, where <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> are distinct digits? |
− | + | ||
− | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 12 | Solution]] | |
− | + | ||
− | + | == Problem 13 == | |
− | + | A taxi charges \$3.25 for the first mile and \$0.45 for each additional | |
− | A taxi charges | + | <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> mile thereafter. At most, how many miles can a passenger travel |
− | 1 | + | using \$13.60? Express your answer as a mixed number. |
− | 4 | + | |
− | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 13 | Solution]] | |
− | thereafter. At most, how many miles can a passenger travel using $13.60? | + | |
− | Express your answer as a mixed number. | + | == Problem 14 == |
− | Kali is mixing soil for a container garden. If she mixes 2 | + | Kali is mixing soil for a container garden. If she mixes <math>2</math> <math>m^3</math> of soil |
− | + | containing <math>35\%</math> sand with <math>6</math> <math>m^3</math> of soil containing <math>15\%</math> sand, what percent | |
− | 35% sand with 6 | + | of the new mixture is sand? |
− | + | ||
− | mixture is sand? | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 14 | Solution]] |
− | Alex can run a complete lap around the school track in 1 minute, 28 seconds, | + | |
− | and Becky can run a complete lap in 1 minute, 16 seconds. If they begin running | + | == Problem 15 == |
+ | Alex can run a complete lap around the school track in <math>1</math> minute, <math>28</math> seconds, | ||
+ | and Becky can run a complete lap in <math>1</math> minute, <math>16</math> seconds. If they begin running | ||
at the same time and location, how many complete laps will Alex have run when | at the same time and location, how many complete laps will Alex have run when | ||
− | Becky passes him for the | + | Becky passes him for the first time? |
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 15 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 16 == | ||
The Beavers, Ducks, Platypuses and Narwhals are the only four basketball | The Beavers, Ducks, Platypuses and Narwhals are the only four basketball | ||
teams remaining in a single-elimination tournament. Each round consists of the | teams remaining in a single-elimination tournament. Each round consists of the | ||
Line 67: | Line 105: | ||
Beavers will play each other in one of the two rounds? Express | Beavers will play each other in one of the two rounds? Express | ||
your answer as a common fraction. | your answer as a common fraction. | ||
− | A function | + | |
− | two positive integers a and b and | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 16 | Solution]] |
− | Rectangle ABCD is shown with AB = 6 units and | + | |
− | AD = 5 units. If AC is extended to point E such that | + | == Problem 17 == |
− | AC is congruent to CE, what is the length of DE? | + | A function <math>f(x)</math> is defined for all positive integers. If <math>f(a)+f(b)=f(ab)</math> |
− | + | for any two positive integers <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> and <math>f(3)=5</math>, what is <math>f(27)</math>? | |
− | + | ||
− | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 17 | Solution]] | |
− | + | ||
− | + | == Problem 18 == | |
− | + | Rectangle <math>ABCD</math> is shown with <math>AB=6</math> units and | |
− | + | <math>AD=5</math> units. If <math>AC</math> is extended to point <math>E</math> such that | |
− | + | <math>AC</math> is congruent to <math>CE</math>, what is the length of <math>DE</math>? | |
− | The digits of a 3-digit integer are reversed to form a new integer of greater | + | |
− | value. The product of this new integer and the original integer is | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 18 | Solution]] |
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 19 == | ||
+ | The digits of a <math>3</math>-digit integer are reversed to form a new integer of greater | ||
+ | value. The product of this new integer and the original integer is <math>91567</math>. What is | ||
the new integer? | the new integer? | ||
− | Diagonal XZ of rectangle WXYZ is divided into three segments each of length | + | |
− | 2 units by points M and N as shown. Segments MW and NY are parallel and are | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 19 | Solution]] |
− | both perpendicular to XZ. What is the area of WXYZ? | + | |
− | Express your answer in simplest radical form. | + | == Problem 20 == |
− | A spinner is divided into 5 sectors as shown. Each of the central | + | Diagonal <math>XZ</math> of rectangle <math>WXYZ</math> is divided into three segments each of length |
− | angles of sectors 1 through 3 measures | + | <math>2</math> units by points <math>M</math> and <math>N</math> as shown. Segments <math>MW</math> and <math>NY</math> are parallel and are |
− | central angles of sectors 4 and 5 measures | + | both perpendicular to <math>XZ</math>. What is the area of <math>WXYZ</math>? Express your answer in |
+ | simplest radical form. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 20 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 21 == | ||
+ | A spinner is divided into <math>5</math> sectors as shown. Each of the central | ||
+ | angles of sectors <math>1</math> through <math>3</math> measures <math>60^{\circ}</math> while each of the | ||
+ | central angles of sectors <math>4</math> and <math>5</math> measures <math>90^{\circ}</math>. If the spinner is | ||
spun twice, what is the probability that at least one spin lands | spun twice, what is the probability that at least one spin lands | ||
on an even number? Express your answer as a common fraction. | on an even number? Express your answer as a common fraction. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 21 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 22 == | ||
The student council at Round Junior High School has eight members who meet | The student council at Round Junior High School has eight members who meet | ||
− | at a circular table. If the four | + | at a circular table. If the four officers must sit together in any order, how many |
distinguishable circular seating orders are possible? Two seating orders are | distinguishable circular seating orders are possible? Two seating orders are | ||
distinguishable if one is not a rotation of the other. | distinguishable if one is not a rotation of the other. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 22 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 23 == | ||
Initially, a chip is placed in the upper-left corner square of a 15 × 10 grid of | Initially, a chip is placed in the upper-left corner square of a 15 × 10 grid of | ||
squares as shown. The chip can move in an L-shaped pattern, moving two | squares as shown. The chip can move in an L-shaped pattern, moving two | ||
Line 102: | Line 160: | ||
perpendicular direction. What is the minimum | perpendicular direction. What is the minimum | ||
number of L-shaped moves needed to move the chip | number of L-shaped moves needed to move the chip | ||
− | from its initial location to the square marked | + | from its initial location to the square marked “<math>X</math>”? |
− | On line segment AE, shown here, B is the midpoint of segment AC and D is the | + | |
− | midpoint of segment CE. If AD = 17 units and BE = 21 units, what is the length | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 23 | Solution]] |
− | of segment AE? Express your answer as a common fraction. | + | |
− | + | == Problem 24 == | |
− | + | On line segment <math>AE</math>, shown here, <math>B</math> is the midpoint of segment <math>AC</math> and <math>D</math> is the | |
− | + | midpoint of segment <math>CE</math>. If <math>AD=17</math> units and <math>BE=21</math> units, what is the length | |
− | + | of segment <math>AE</math>? Express your answer as a common fraction. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 24 | Solution]] | |
− | + | ||
− | + | == Problem 25 == | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
There are twelve different mixed numbers that can be created by substituting | There are twelve different mixed numbers that can be created by substituting | ||
− | three of the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 5 for a, b and c in the expression a | + | three of the numbers <math>1</math>, <math>2</math>, <math>3</math> and <math>5</math> for <math>a</math>, <math>b</math> and <math>c</math> in the expression <math>a\frac{b}{c}</math>, |
− | b | + | where <math>b<c</math>. What is the mean of these twelve mixed numbers? Express your answer as |
− | c | ||
− | |||
− | b < c. What is the mean of these twelve mixed numbers? Express your answer as | ||
a mixed number. | a mixed number. | ||
− | If 738 consecutive integers are added together, where the | + | |
− | sequence is | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 25 | Solution]] |
− | Consider a coordinate plane with the points A( | + | |
− | many points X in the plane is it true that XA and XB are both positive integer | + | == Problem 26 == |
− | distances, each less than or equal to 10? | + | If <math>738</math> consecutive integers are added together, where the <math>178^{\text{th}}</math> number in the |
− | The function | + | sequence is <math>4256815</math>, what is the remainder when this sum is divided by <math>6</math>? |
− | all positive integers. If the range of f contains two numbers that | + | |
− | what is the least possible value of | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 26 | Solution]] |
− | In the list of numbers 1, 2, | + | |
− | letters A through J, respectively. For example, the number 501 is replaced by the | + | == Problem 27 == |
− | string | + | Consider a coordinate plane with the points <math>A(-5,0)</math> and <math>B(5,0)</math>. For how |
− | 9999 strings is sorted alphabetically. How many strings appear before | + | many points <math>X</math> in the plane is it true that <math>XA</math> and <math>XB</math> are both positive integer |
+ | distances, each less than or equal to <math>10</math>? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 27 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 28 == | ||
+ | The function <math>f(n)=a\cdot n!+b</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are positive integers, is defined for | ||
+ | all positive integers. If the range of f contains two numbers that differ by <math>20</math>, | ||
+ | what is the least possible value of <math>f(1)</math>? | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 28 | Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Problem 29 == | ||
+ | In the list of numbers <math>1,2,\ldots,9999</math>, the digits <math>0</math> through <math>9</math> are replaced with the | ||
+ | letters <math>A</math> through <math>J</math>, respectively. For example, the number <math>501</math> is replaced by the | ||
+ | string “<math>FAB</math>” and <math>8243</math> is replaced by the string “<math>ICED</math>”. The resulting list of | ||
+ | <math>9999</math> strings is sorted alphabetically. How many strings appear before “<math>CHAI</math>” | ||
in this list? | in this list? | ||
− | A 12-sided game die has the shape of a hexagonal | + | |
− | two pyramids, each with a regular hexagonal base of side length 1 cm and with | + | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 29 | Solution]] |
− | height 1 cm, glued together along their hexagons. When this game die is rolled | + | |
+ | == Problem 30 == | ||
+ | A <math>12</math>-sided game die has the shape of a hexagonal bi-pyramid, which consists of | ||
+ | two pyramids, each with a regular hexagonal base of side length <math>1</math> cm and with | ||
+ | height <math>1</math> cm, glued together along their hexagons. When this game die is rolled | ||
and lands on one of its triangular faces, how high of the ground is the opposite | and lands on one of its triangular faces, how high of the ground is the opposite | ||
face? Express your answer as a common fraction in simplest radical form. | face? Express your answer as a common fraction in simplest radical form. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[2016 Mathcounts State Sprint Problems/Problem 30 | Solution]] |
Latest revision as of 20:18, 12 March 2023
Note to all: all figures can be found here (Don't have time. If you can do an asymptote, please do)
Contents
- 1 Problem 1
- 2 Problem 2
- 3 Problem 3
- 4 Problem 4
- 5 Problem 5
- 6 Problem 6
- 7 Problem 7
- 8 Problem 8
- 9 Problem 9
- 10 Problem 10
- 11 Problem 11
- 12 Problem 12
- 13 Problem 13
- 14 Problem 14
- 15 Problem 15
- 16 Problem 16
- 17 Problem 17
- 18 Problem 18
- 19 Problem 19
- 20 Problem 20
- 21 Problem 21
- 22 Problem 22
- 23 Problem 23
- 24 Problem 24
- 25 Problem 25
- 26 Problem 26
- 27 Problem 27
- 28 Problem 28
- 29 Problem 29
- 30 Problem 30
Problem 1
Let = . What is the value of ? Express your answer as a common fraction.
Problem 2
How many rectangles of any size are in the grid shown here?
Problem 3
Given , what is the value of ?
Problem 4
What is the median of the positive perfect squares less than ?
Problem 5
If , what is the value of ?
Problem 6
In rectangle , shown here, units, units, unit and units. What is the absolute difference between the areas of triangles and ?
Problem 7
A bag contains blue, green and red marbles. How many green marbles must be added to the bag so that percent of the marbles are green?
Problem 8
MD rides a three wheeled motorcycle called a trike. MD has a spare tire for his trike and wants to occasionally swap out his tires so that all four will have been used for the same distance as he drives miles. How many miles will each tire drive?
Problem 9
Lucy and her father share the same birthday. When Lucy turned her father turned times her age. On their birthday this year, Lucy’s father turned exactly twice as old as she turned. How old did Lucy turn this year?
Problem 10
The sum of three distinct -digit primes is . Two of the primes have a units digit of , and the other prime has a units digit of . What is the greatest of the three primes?
Problem 11
Ross and Max have a combined weight of pounds. Ross and Seth have a combined weight of pounds. Max and Seth have a combined weight of pounds. How many pounds does Ross weigh?
Problem 12
What is the least possible denominator of a positive rational number whose repeating decimal representation is , where and are distinct digits?
Problem 13
A taxi charges $3.25 for the first mile and $0.45 for each additional mile thereafter. At most, how many miles can a passenger travel using $13.60? Express your answer as a mixed number.
Problem 14
Kali is mixing soil for a container garden. If she mixes of soil containing sand with of soil containing sand, what percent of the new mixture is sand?
Problem 15
Alex can run a complete lap around the school track in minute, seconds, and Becky can run a complete lap in minute, seconds. If they begin running at the same time and location, how many complete laps will Alex have run when Becky passes him for the first time?
Problem 16
The Beavers, Ducks, Platypuses and Narwhals are the only four basketball teams remaining in a single-elimination tournament. Each round consists of the teams playing in pairs with the winner of each game continuing to the next round. If the teams are randomly paired and each has an equal probability of winning any game, what is the probability that the Ducks and the Beavers will play each other in one of the two rounds? Express your answer as a common fraction.
Problem 17
A function is defined for all positive integers. If for any two positive integers and and , what is ?
Problem 18
Rectangle is shown with units and units. If is extended to point such that is congruent to , what is the length of ?
Problem 19
The digits of a -digit integer are reversed to form a new integer of greater value. The product of this new integer and the original integer is . What is the new integer?
Problem 20
Diagonal of rectangle is divided into three segments each of length units by points and as shown. Segments and are parallel and are both perpendicular to . What is the area of ? Express your answer in simplest radical form.
Problem 21
A spinner is divided into sectors as shown. Each of the central angles of sectors through measures while each of the central angles of sectors and measures . If the spinner is spun twice, what is the probability that at least one spin lands on an even number? Express your answer as a common fraction.
Problem 22
The student council at Round Junior High School has eight members who meet at a circular table. If the four officers must sit together in any order, how many distinguishable circular seating orders are possible? Two seating orders are distinguishable if one is not a rotation of the other.
Problem 23
Initially, a chip is placed in the upper-left corner square of a 15 × 10 grid of squares as shown. The chip can move in an L-shaped pattern, moving two squares in one direction (up, right, down or left) and then moving one square in a corresponding perpendicular direction. What is the minimum number of L-shaped moves needed to move the chip from its initial location to the square marked “”?
Problem 24
On line segment , shown here, is the midpoint of segment and is the midpoint of segment . If units and units, what is the length of segment ? Express your answer as a common fraction.
Problem 25
There are twelve different mixed numbers that can be created by substituting three of the numbers , , and for , and in the expression , where . What is the mean of these twelve mixed numbers? Express your answer as a mixed number.
Problem 26
If consecutive integers are added together, where the number in the sequence is , what is the remainder when this sum is divided by ?
Problem 27
Consider a coordinate plane with the points and . For how many points in the plane is it true that and are both positive integer distances, each less than or equal to ?
Problem 28
The function , where and are positive integers, is defined for all positive integers. If the range of f contains two numbers that differ by , what is the least possible value of ?
Problem 29
In the list of numbers , the digits through are replaced with the letters through , respectively. For example, the number is replaced by the string “” and is replaced by the string “”. The resulting list of strings is sorted alphabetically. How many strings appear before “” in this list?
Problem 30
A -sided game die has the shape of a hexagonal bi-pyramid, which consists of two pyramids, each with a regular hexagonal base of side length cm and with height cm, glued together along their hexagons. When this game die is rolled and lands on one of its triangular faces, how high of the ground is the opposite face? Express your answer as a common fraction in simplest radical form.