Difference between revisions of "Closure"
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*The natural and whole number systems <math>\mathbb{N}^+,\mathbb{N}^0</math> have closure in [[addition]] and [[multiplication]]. | *The natural and whole number systems <math>\mathbb{N}^+,\mathbb{N}^0</math> have closure in [[addition]] and [[multiplication]]. | ||
*The complex number system <math>\mathbb{C}</math> has closure in [[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]], [[division]], [[exponentiation]], and also higher level operations such as <math>a \uparrow \uparrow b</math>. | *The complex number system <math>\mathbb{C}</math> has closure in [[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]], [[division]], [[exponentiation]], and also higher level operations such as <math>a \uparrow \uparrow b</math>. | ||
− | *The [[ | + | *The [[integer|integral]] number system <math>\mathbb{Z}</math> has closure in [[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]], and [[exponentiation]]. |
==See Also== | ==See Also== |
Latest revision as of 21:55, 20 August 2008
Closure is a property of an abstract algebraic structure, such as a set, group, ring, or field
Definition
An algebraic structure is said to have closure in a binary operation
if for any
,
. In words, when any two members of
are combined using the operation, the result also is a member of
.
Examples
- The real number system
has closure in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and also higher level operations such as
.
- The rational number system
has closure in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
- The natural and whole number systems
have closure in addition and multiplication.
- The complex number system
has closure in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and also higher level operations such as
.
- The integral number system
has closure in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and exponentiation.