Difference between revisions of "2024 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 13"

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== Problem ==
  
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Buzz Bunny is hopping up and down a set of stairs, one step at a time. In how many ways can Buzz start on the ground, make a sequence of <math>6</math> hops, and end up back on the ground?
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(For example, one sequence of hops is up-up-down-down-up-down.)
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[[File:2024-AMC8-q13.png]]
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<math>\textbf{(A)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 5 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 6 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 12</math>
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==Solution 1==
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Looking at the answer choices, you see that you can list them out.
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Doing this gets you:
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<math>\mathit{UUDDUD}</math>
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<math>\mathit{UDUDUD}</math>
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<math>\mathit{UUUDDD}</math>
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<math>\mathit{UDUUDD}</math>
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<math>\mathit{UUDUDD}</math>
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Counting all the paths listed above gets you <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B)} \ 5}</math>.
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~ALWAYSRIGHT11
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~vockey(minor edits)
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~Johnxyz1 (use mathit for better letter space)
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==Solution 2==
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Any combination can be written as some re-arrangement of <math>\mathit{UUUDDD}</math>. Clearly we must end going down, and start going up, so we need the number of ways to insert 2 <math>U</math>'s and 2 <math>D</math>'s into <math>U\, \_ \, \_ \, \_ \, \_ \, D</math>. There are <math>{4\choose 2}=6</math> ways, but we have to remove the case <math>\mathit{UDDUUD}</math>, giving us <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}</math>.
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- We know there are no more cases since there will be at least one <math>U</math> before we have a <math>D</math> (from the first <math>U</math>), at least two <math>U</math>'S before two <math>D</math>'s (since we removed the one case), and at least three <math>U</math>'s before three <math>D</math>'s, as we end with the third <math>D</math>.
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~Sahan Wijetunga
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==Solution 3==
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These numbers are clearly the Catalan numbers. Since we have 6 steps, we need the third Catalan number, which is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}</math>.
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~andliu766
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==Solution 4==
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First step must be a U, last step must be a D.
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After third step we can get only position 3 or position 1.
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In the first case there is only one way: UUUDDD.
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In the second case we have two way to get this position UDU and UUD.
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Similarly, we have two way return to position 0 (UDD and DUD).
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Therefore, we have <math>1 + 2 \cdot 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}</math>.
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'''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss'''
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==Solution 5 (Complementary Counting)==
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We can find the total cases then deduct the ones that don't work.
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Let <math>U</math> represent "Up" and <math>D</math> represent "Down". We know that in order to land back at the bottom of the stairs, we must have an equal number of <math>U</math>'s and <math>D</math>'s, therefore six hops means <math>3</math> of each.
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The number of ways to arrange <math>3</math> <math>U</math>'s and <math>3</math> <math>D</math>'s is <math>\dfrac{6!}{(3!)^2}=\dfrac{720}{36}=20</math>.
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Case <math>1</math>: Start with <math>\mathit D</math>
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Case <math>2</math>: Start with <math>\mathit{UDD}</math>
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Case <math>3</math>: Start with <math>\mathit{UUDDD}</math>
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Case <math>4</math>: Start with <math>\mathit{UDUDD}</math>
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Case <math>1</math> is asking us how many ways there are to arrange <math>3</math> <math>U</math>'s and <math>2</math> <math>D</math>'s, which is <math>\dfrac{5!}{3!2!}=\dfrac{120}{12}=10</math>.
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Case <math>2</math> is asking us how many ways there are to arrange <math>2</math> <math>U</math>'s and <math>1</math> <math>D</math>, which is <math>\dfrac{3!}{2!1!}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3</math>.
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Case <math>3</math> is asking us how many ways there are to arrange <math>1</math> <math>U</math>, which is <math>1</math>.
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Case <math>4</math> is asking us the same thing as Case <math>3</math>, giving us <math>1</math>.
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Therefore, deducting all cases from <math>20</math> gives <math>20-10-3-1-1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\,5}</math>.
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~Tacos_are_yummy_1
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==Video Solution 2 by Math-X (First fully understand the problem!!!)==
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https://youtu.be/BaE00H2SHQM?si=GTocuz7rsKFCrPn3&t=2986
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~Math-X
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==Video Solution (A Clever Explanation You’ll Get Instantly)==
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https://youtu.be/5ZIFnqymdDQ?si=n9jyl0QHXLbaKz3I&t=1363
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~hsnacademy
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==Video Solution 3 by OmegaLearn.org==
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https://youtu.be/dM1wvr7mPQs
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==Video Solution by NiuniuMaths (Easy to understand!)==
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-xN8Njd_Lc
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~NiuniuMaths
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== Video Solution by CosineMethod [🔥Fast and Easy🔥]==
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yummy
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==Video Solution by Interstigation==
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https://youtu.be/ktzijuZtDas&t=1238
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==Video Solution by Dr. David==
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https://youtu.be/r3FtOOYEces
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==Video Solution by WhyMath==
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https://youtu.be/6Bg0Z0jcInw
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==See Also==
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{{AMC8 box|year=2024|num-b=12|num-a=14}}
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{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 13:04, 11 December 2024

Problem

Buzz Bunny is hopping up and down a set of stairs, one step at a time. In how many ways can Buzz start on the ground, make a sequence of $6$ hops, and end up back on the ground? (For example, one sequence of hops is up-up-down-down-up-down.)

2024-AMC8-q13.png

$\textbf{(A)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 5 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 6 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 12$

Solution 1

Looking at the answer choices, you see that you can list them out. Doing this gets you:

$\mathit{UUDDUD}$

$\mathit{UDUDUD}$

$\mathit{UUUDDD}$

$\mathit{UDUUDD}$

$\mathit{UUDUDD}$

Counting all the paths listed above gets you $\boxed{\textbf{(B)} \ 5}$.

~ALWAYSRIGHT11 ~vockey(minor edits) ~Johnxyz1 (use mathit for better letter space)

Solution 2

Any combination can be written as some re-arrangement of $\mathit{UUUDDD}$. Clearly we must end going down, and start going up, so we need the number of ways to insert 2 $U$'s and 2 $D$'s into $U\, \_ \, \_ \, \_ \, \_ \, D$. There are ${4\choose 2}=6$ ways, but we have to remove the case $\mathit{UDDUUD}$, giving us $\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}$.


- We know there are no more cases since there will be at least one $U$ before we have a $D$ (from the first $U$), at least two $U$'S before two $D$'s (since we removed the one case), and at least three $U$'s before three $D$'s, as we end with the third $D$.

~Sahan Wijetunga

Solution 3

These numbers are clearly the Catalan numbers. Since we have 6 steps, we need the third Catalan number, which is $\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}$. ~andliu766

Solution 4

First step must be a U, last step must be a D.

After third step we can get only position 3 or position 1.

In the first case there is only one way: UUUDDD.

In the second case we have two way to get this position UDU and UUD.

Similarly, we have two way return to position 0 (UDD and DUD).

Therefore, we have $1 + 2 \cdot 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 5}$.

vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss

Solution 5 (Complementary Counting)

We can find the total cases then deduct the ones that don't work.

Let $U$ represent "Up" and $D$ represent "Down". We know that in order to land back at the bottom of the stairs, we must have an equal number of $U$'s and $D$'s, therefore six hops means $3$ of each.

The number of ways to arrange $3$ $U$'s and $3$ $D$'s is $\dfrac{6!}{(3!)^2}=\dfrac{720}{36}=20$.

Case $1$: Start with $\mathit D$

Case $2$: Start with $\mathit{UDD}$

Case $3$: Start with $\mathit{UUDDD}$

Case $4$: Start with $\mathit{UDUDD}$

Case $1$ is asking us how many ways there are to arrange $3$ $U$'s and $2$ $D$'s, which is $\dfrac{5!}{3!2!}=\dfrac{120}{12}=10$.

Case $2$ is asking us how many ways there are to arrange $2$ $U$'s and $1$ $D$, which is $\dfrac{3!}{2!1!}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3$.

Case $3$ is asking us how many ways there are to arrange $1$ $U$, which is $1$.

Case $4$ is asking us the same thing as Case $3$, giving us $1$.

Therefore, deducting all cases from $20$ gives $20-10-3-1-1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\,5}$.

~Tacos_are_yummy_1

Video Solution 2 by Math-X (First fully understand the problem!!!)

https://youtu.be/BaE00H2SHQM?si=GTocuz7rsKFCrPn3&t=2986

~Math-X

Video Solution (A Clever Explanation You’ll Get Instantly)

https://youtu.be/5ZIFnqymdDQ?si=n9jyl0QHXLbaKz3I&t=1363

~hsnacademy


Video Solution 3 by OmegaLearn.org

https://youtu.be/dM1wvr7mPQs

Video Solution by NiuniuMaths (Easy to understand!)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-xN8Njd_Lc

~NiuniuMaths


Video Solution by CosineMethod [🔥Fast and Easy🔥]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yummy

Video Solution by Interstigation

https://youtu.be/ktzijuZtDas&t=1238

Video Solution by Dr. David

https://youtu.be/r3FtOOYEces

Video Solution by WhyMath

https://youtu.be/6Bg0Z0jcInw

See Also

2024 AMC 8 (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 12
Followed by
Problem 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AJHSME/AMC 8 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png